Major Project Presentation, May/June, 2020

Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

Scholars - Project Investigator
Project Supervisor
Dr. C. Bharatiraja
Associate Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engg.
SRM Institute of Science and Technology
Ashutosh Chaudhary (RA1611005010202) SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur,
Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu- 603 203

Sandeep Ghosh (RA1611005010204)

Apurv Singh (RA1611005010313)

 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

INTRODUCTION
• This project uses wireless energy power transfer which is a newly upcoming technology developed to reduce the
dependency on combustion type vehicles and to achieve a healthy and cleaner environment.
• Some drawbacks are suffered while achieving this vision such as issues related to battery.
• It suffers from disadvantages like bulky weight, toxic nature of the battery, costly and poor energy densities.
• To overcome these challenges new technology of dynamic charging came into existence with a vision to charge
the battery along with the in motion of the vehicle.
• Dynamic charging can overcome the battery related issues as well as it can increase the vehicle range as
compared to stationary charging.
• This project is associated with the dynamic charging of EVs. Here a small-scale prototype of a 3-D design is
prepared which symbolizes the wheel structure of the vehicle.
• Several receiver coils are placed inside it at a certain distance which capture the energy from the transmitting
side.
• The obtained power is then used to charge the battery and a GUI monitors various parameters of the battery.
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer using Reconfiguration

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

• There were lot of issues faced in static charging of EVs.

• To overcome these issues another new way of approach is suggested in which
charging is done along with the motion of the vehicle known as dynamic charging.
• Static charging faces a great disadvantages from the issues related to battery.
• Due to heavy weight, toxic nature of battery, costly, low energy density etc the
efficiency is less and cost of the system increases.
• Dynamic charging can overcome these battery related issues and can easily become a
suitable replacement for the static charging
• To increase the efficiency in dynamic charging the mutual inductance and coupling
coefficient has to be improved .
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer using Reconfiguration

LITERATURE SURVEY
TITLE OF THE RESEARCH PAPER AUTHORS NAME DETAILS INVOLVED

Wireless Power Transfer for Vehicular Devendra Patil, Matthew Mcdonough, • Recent advancement in static and
Applications: Overview and Challenges John Miller, ,Babak Fahimi and Poras T. dynamic wireless charging
Balsara, Fellow, IEEE • A review for charging techniques,
compensation network etc is presented
• Standards governing the WPT system

Static In-wheel Wireless
Systems for Electric Vehicles
Charging Chirag Panchal, Junwei Lu, Sascha Stegen
• In wheel WCS is presented which
reduces the issue with larger air gaps
• A small scale prototype with
reinforced tyre is presented
• Performance is investigated by
experimental and finite element
method

Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Siqi Li, Member, IEEE, and Chunting • Review of wireless charging of electric
Vehicle Applications Chris Mi, Fellow, IEEE vehicle
• Calculation for efficiency and mutual
inductance
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

OBJECTIVE
The major objectives of this project are :

• To develop power in the receiver coils positioned in the wheels of the vehicle
prototype.

• To charge the battery from the energy received from the receiving side.

• To develop a GUI (Graphical User Interface) to monitor battery input voltage and
current.
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

BLOCK DIAGRAM
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer using Reconfiguration

There are several stages involved in wireless charging of an EV:

• At first, the ac from the utility grid is converted to the dc by a rectifier.
• Further this dc is converted to the high frequency ac to drive the transmitter coil
with the aid of compensation network.
• A high frequency transformer is added between dc-ac inverter and transmitter side
of the coil for extra protection.
• The high frequency current in the transmitter coil generates ac magnetic field
which induces an ac voltage in the receiver coil.
• When the secondary coil resonates with the transmitter with the help of
compensation network, higher efficiency is achieved.
• Further, ac power is rectified to charge the battery.
• The GUI helps in monitoring the parameters of battery during charging.
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

SIMULATION

A. Circuit Diagram
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

B. Simulation Parameters
SIMULATION PARAMETERS PARAMETER VALUES

Transmission coil inductance 0.26 mH

Receiver side coil inductance 0.22 mH

Transmission frequency of coil 13 Khz

Transmission coil resistance 0.411 ohm

Receiver side coil resistance 0.382 ohm

Supply voltage 100 V ac

Battery voltage 12 V

Number of transmitter coils 4

Number of receiver coils 1

Set speed of the wheel 83.33 rpm

 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

C. Transmitter Side Output Voltage

 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

D. Receiver Side Input Voltage

 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

E. Receiver Side Output Voltage

 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

F. Variation Of Results With Respect To Wheel Speed And Supply

Frequency
Frequency(in Transmitter Receiver input Receiver output
KHz) Voltage (in V) Voltage (in V) Voltage(in V)
13 30 5.5 13
25 15 3 13
50 7 1 13

• When the speed of wheel is increased to 166.67 rpm, the voltage at receiver side increases from 5.5 V
to 7 V.
• Further increasing the voltage to 333.33 rpm, leads to increase of receiver side voltage from 10 V
from 7 V.
• On increasing the frequency from 13 KHz to 25 KHz, the transmitter side voltage reduces to 15 V
from 30 V.
• The receiver side voltage also reduces to 3 V from 5.5 V.
• When frequency is further increased to 50 KHz, the transmitter side voltage reduces to 7 V from 15 V.
• When frequency is 25 KHz, the receiver side voltage also becomes 3 V from 5.5 V.
• At a frequency of 50 KHz, the receiver side voltage decreases to 1 V from 3.3 V.
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
• The model of dynamic charging consists of single transmitter coil placed under the 3D
designed wheel.
• There are 8 receiver coils placed under the periphery of the 3D designed wheel.
• The output from these receiver coils is extracted out by connecting the positive and negative
terminals of each receiver coil to the outer aluminium straps.
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

• The output from the aluminium straps is extracted by using multi stranded wire. Multi stranded
wire further transfers this power to the voltage regulator which regulates the output voltage at 5
volts.
• The output from the voltage regulator is fed to the boost converter which accounts and makes up
for any voltage drop during the power transfer. The boost converter sends the constant 5 volts to
the battery for charging.
• As soon as the battery starts getting voltage, various battery parameters such as input voltage,
input current etc. are monitored through a GUI (Graphical User Interface).
• In this way, wireless power transfer occurs in the wheel and it charges the battery of the model.
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

3D WHEEL DESIGN

Front View BackView

DIMENSIONS

Outer diameter of the wheel 102 mm

Inner diameter of the wheel 92 mm
Inner core diameter of the wheel 28.8 mm
Width of the wheel 75 mm
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

HARDWARE PARAMETERS
1. Transmitter Coil Parameters
PARAMETERS

Self -Inductance (L1 ) 0.70966mH

Resistance (R1) 4.78 ohm

Quality Factor (Q1) 168.04

2. Receiver Coil Parameters

PARAMETERS

Self Inductance (L2 ) 0.4083mh

Resistance (R2) 6.378 Ohm

Quality Factor (Q ) 72.56

 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

3. Mutual Inductance

where
M : Mutual inductance among the coils
k : Coupling coefficient among the coils
L1 : Self inductance of transmitter coil
L2 : Self inductance of receiver coil
Coupling Coefficient (k) Mutual Inductance(mH) Coupling Coefficient (k) Mutual Inductance(mH)

0.1 0.053 0.6 0.322

0.2 0.107 0.7 0.376
0.3 0.161 0.8 0.430
0.4 0.215 0.9 0.484

0.5 0.268
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

Mutual Inductance Vs. Coupling Coefficient

 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

4. Efficiency

where
ηmax: Efficiency of system
k : Coupling coefficient among the coils
Q1: Quality factor of transmitter coil
Q2: Quality factor of receiver coil
Coupling Coefficient(k) Efficiency (ηmax ) Coupling Coefficient (k) Efficiency (ηmax )
0.1 83.44 0.6 97.02
0.2 91.35 0.7 97.44
0.3 94.15 0.8 97.77
0.4 95.50 0.9 98.01
0.5 96.40
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

Efficiency Vs Coupling Coefficient

 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

CONCLUSION

• This project shows implementation of dynamic charging in a 3D designed wheel.

• It was observed through simulations that the speed of the EV driving over the electric
asphalt plays a major role in power transfer.
• It was also observed that the frequency with which the power transfer takes place also
plays a key role in the transfer of power from transmitter coil to the receiver coil.
• It was observed that with the change in coefficient of coupling, mutual inductance
changed linearly.
• Considering the limitations of static wireless power transfer, dynamic wireless power
transfer is a better technique for the EV transportation in future era and have led EVs to
shift into higher gear at development facilities everywhere in the world.
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

FUTURE SCOPE
The future development of EVs in a country depends upon certain factors such as:

• Available infrastructure for the charging stations in the country and access to
electrified lanes on roads.
• Financial incentives of the country which include factors such as the tax levied by the
government.
• However with the increase of EVs, there also arises a need of smart grid in the
country adopting EVs for transportation.
• Adoption of smart charging which makes use of the V2G (Vehicle to Grid)
technology for providing power transfer from grid to vehicle or vice-versa.
• However even after considering the challenges and limitations involved with the EV
transportation, they are more efficient and clean to the environment.
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

REFERENCES

[1] Siqi Li And C. C. Mi, “Wireless Power Transfer For Electric Vehicle Applications,” IEEE Journal Of
Emerging And Selected Topics In Power Electronics, Vol. 3, No. 1, Pp. 4–17, Mar. 2015.
[2] D. Patil, M. K. Mcdonough, J. M. Miller, B. Fahimi, And P. T. Balsara, “Wireless Power Transfer For
Vehicular Applications: Overview And Challenges,” IEEE Transactions On Transportation
Electrification, Vol. 4, No. 1, Pp. 3–37, Mar. 2018.
[3] Grant Anthony Covic, Senior Member, Ieee, And John Talbot Boys,” Modern Trends In Inductive Power
Transfer For Transportation Applications”, Ieee Journal Of Emerging And Selected Topics In Power
Electronics, Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013.
[4] Su Y. Choi, Beom W. Gu, Seog Y. Jeong, And Chun T. Rim, “Advances In Wireless Power Transfer
Systems For Roadway-powered Electric Vehicles “, IEEE Journal Of Emerging And Selected Topics In
Power Electronics, Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2015 .
[5] Wei Zhang, Chunting Chris Mi, “Compensation Topologies Of High-power Wireless Power Transfer
Systems”, IEEE Transactions On Vehicular Technology, Vol. 65, No. 6, June 2016
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

[6] Aqueel Ahmad , Mohammad Saad Alam , And Rakan Chabaan,” A Comprehensive Review Of
Wireless Charging Technologies For Electric Vehicles”, IEEE Transactions On Transportation
Electrification, Vol. 4, No. 1, March 2018
[7] Xiaodong Liang , Muhammad Sifatul Alam Chowdhury “Emerging Wireless Charging Systems For
Electric Vehicles – Achieving High Power Transfer Efficiency: A Review”, 2018-PSEC-0700
[8] D. M. Vilathgamuwa And J. P. K. Sampath, “Wireless Power Transfer (Wpt) For Electric Vehicles
(Evs)—present And Future Trends,” Power Systems, Pp. 33–60, Nov. 2014.
[9] X Liang and M. S. A. Chowdhury, “Emerging Wireless Charging Systems for Electric Vehicles -
Achieving High Power Transfer Efficiency: A Review,” 2018 IEEE Industry Applications Society
Annual Meeting (IAS), Sep. 2018
[10] Xian Zhang1, Zhaoyang Yuan1, Qingxin Yang1, Yongjian Li2, Jianguo Zhu1, and Yang Li1,” Coil
Design and Efficiency Analysis for Dynamic Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles”, IEEE
TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, VOL. 52, NO. 7, JULY 2016
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

ORIGINALITY
1. The wheel is designed in such a way that the receiver coil placement is easy, as
compared to a normal wheel.

2. The automatic supply cutoff mechanism with the help of GUI when the battery
fully charges.

3. The slip ring mechanism to transfer power from the receiver to the boost
converter.

INNOVATION
 The design of the receiver coil friendly wheel.
 Slip ring mechanism to harness power from a rotating body to stationary body.
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

Work completed as per the original plan

PROPOSED WORK COMPLETION STATUS
Literature survey Completed
Finalization of objectives and methodologies Completed

Simulation of Project model Completed

Verification of simulation output and Completed
parameters
Procurement of hardware Completed
Hardware parameter verification and designing Completed

Final assembly of Hardware Completed

Testing of Hardware Half- Completion
Final Results from Hardware Not Completed
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

Software used for design, analysis, simulation and testing

• For Simulation of proposed circuit- MATLAB-Simulink 2018b.

• For Graphical User Interface application- National Instruments LABVIEW 2013
• For design of wheel- Dassault SOLIDWORKS 2019
• For programming the relay to switch supply- Arduino IDE
• For drawing and designing the diagram and circuit- icrosoft VISIO 2016
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

CONTRIBUTION TO PROJECT
Ashutosh Chaudhary (RA1611005010202)
Placing of receiver coils in the wheel.
Hardware calculations and parameters monitoring.
Soldering of outer periphery of wheel.
Sandeep Ghosh (RA1611005010204)
Placing of receiver coils in the wheel
Soldering of outer periphery of wheel.
Measurement of coil parameters.
Apurv Singh (RA1611005010313)
Simulation design and results.
Placing of receiver coils in the wheel
Soldering of outer periphery of wheel.
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

CHALLENGES FACED

• The primary challenge was the placement of receiver coils inside the
periphery of the wheel. It was afterwards resolved by using a special
type of acrylic tape to bind them to the 3D designed wheel.
• The next major challenge was how to get supply from the receiver coils
placed in the wheel. Earlier, we used carbon brushes but due to high
losses they were rejected and finally we used multi-stranded wire to
harness the output.
• The other challenge was to account for the losses occurring at receiving
end. It was resolved by using a boost converter.
 Project Title : Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Using Reconfiguration

OUTCOME
• RESEARCH PAPER - DYNAMIC WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER
USING RECONFIGURATION