Week 3:

Clauses & Sentence Structure

(Cont.)
Exercise 1: Underline each adjective clause. Choose each relative
pronoun that is given, and write in the blank those that have been
omitted.
1. _____ The sweater, which was thick and wooly, kept Margaret warm
on her long walk home.
2. _____ Al decided on a college that was near his hometown.
3. _____ Would you like to see the spot where the tornado touched
down?
4. that
_____ They are the kind of books I would like to read again.
5. _____ The woman whose hat seemed twenty stories high sat a row
ahead of me.
6. _____ Care of the newborn pups, which was Barry’s sole
responsibility, was a full-time job.
7. _____ Micah, who spoke to us during halftime, was able to make it to
the game after all.
Exercise 1: Underline each adjective clause. Circle each relative
pronoun that is given, and write in the blank those that have been
omitted.
8. that
_____ The stereo Judy wants to buy includes a five-disc CD player.
9. that
_____ The review sessions the chemistry teacher provided made a big
difference.
10. _____ Was Mr. Farnsworth the representative whom you contacted?
11. that
_____ The fish Linda chose was vividly colored black and purple and
yellow.
12. that
_____ The cabinet Kent built was hung in the industrial arts room.
13. _____ The flutist whose solo you applauded is my sister.
14. _____ The nest, which looks like a wren’s work, rests atop the fuse
box.
15. _____ Tom looked forward to the day when he could buy a car of his
own.
Exercise 2: Underline each adjective clause in the sentences
below. Write E (essential) or non (nonessential) in the space
provided to identify the type of clause.

1. _____
E Those players who steal bases make baseball fun to watch.
2. _____
E The trail guide showed us the path that led to a ghost town.
3. _____
non My brother, who is in the service, writes to me at least once a
month.
4. _____
non Our poster, which is over seven feet tall, hangs just inside the
front door of the school.
E The moment when the last winner is announced will be
5. _____
Jordan’s cue to return to the stage.
6. _____
E Are you the person whose car is parked in the loading zone?
7. _____
E The algebra exam that was scheduled for next Tuesday has
been postponed.
Exercise 2: Underline each adjective clause in the sentences
below. Write E (essential) or non (nonessential) in the space
provided to identify the type of clause.
non The green and pink teapot, which had been a present from
8. _____
Gail, served as a vase.
E One of the seamstresses who had sewn the bridesmaids’
9. _____
dresses was commissioned to make the bride’s gown.
10. _____
E Swiftly approaching is the moment when the winners are
announced.
non The reading club, which met last Thursday, is trying to recruit
11. _____
more members.
non A lone lilac bush, which protruded through the fence, supplied
12. _____
an unexpected splash of color in the alley.
E Tom’s role model is Jeeves, the fictional butler who can solve
13. _____
any problem.
14. _____
E Kim and Kelly went to the restaurant that has tableside
musicians.
Exercise 3: Complete the sentences. Use who, which,
whose or where.
1. This is the house __________
where we lived when we got married.
2. I think that’s the woman __________
who used to live next door to
us.
whose the dog attacked me in the park.
3. Yes, she’s the one __________
4. That’s the friend __________ had an apartment in Corfu.
whocouple __________ restaurant we liked
5. Yes, and this is the nice
so much. whose
6. And here’s the beach __________ we went every day. Paradise!
where
7. Is that the apartment __________ we stayed?
8. No, that was the apartment __________ you wanted to buy!
where
which
Exercise 4: Choose the correct answer. There may be
more than one correct answer.
1. It’s the kind of shop where / that / – you could spend a lot of
time.
2. The game which / that / – I bought was very cheap.
3. I found the book which / that / – my dad wanted.
4. The section where / that / – you can listen to CDs is amazing.
5. I saw an old friend which / that / – I hadn’t seen for ages.
6. The woman who / that / – served me in the café upstairs was
very rude.
7. When we got home, we played the CDs which / that / – we’d
bought.
8. The best one is by the woman who / that / – sang at the Star
Club last week.
Exercise 5: Join the following sentences using relative
clauses and without changing the meaning.
1. I live on Main Street. It is the noisiest street in this neighborhood.
 I live on Main Street which is the noisiest in this neighborhood.
2. The Edinburgh Zoo has Scotland’s biggest collections of animals. It is
5 km west of the city center.
 The Edinburgh Zoo, which is 5 km west of the city center, has
Scotland’s biggest collection of animals.
 The Edinburgh Zoo, which has Scotland’s biggest collection of
animals, is 5 km west of the city center.
3. Alice is the owner of a food company. She is the most successful
businesswoman in town.
 Alice, who is the most successful businesswoman in town, is the
owner of a food company.
 Alice, who is the owner of a food company, is the most successful
woman in town.
 Exercise 5: Join the following sentences using
relative clauses and without changing the meaning.

4. Bob ranked first in the race. His father is also an athlete.

Bob, whose father is also an athlete, ranked first in the
race.
5. I bought this watch for Pauline. She is my best friend.
 Pauline, who I bought this watch for, is my best friend.
6. Doctor Jones works for the city hospital. He prescribed
medicine for my sore throat.
 Doctor Jones, who prescribed medicine for my sore
throat, works for the city hospital.
 Doctor Jones, who works for the city hospital,
prescribed for my sore throat.
 Exercise 5: Join the following sentences using
relative clauses and without changing the meaning.
7. This is Tom. I’ve been sharing a flat with him for two
years.
 This is Tom, who I’ve been sharing a flat with for two
years.
8. Jim has chosen a topic. I wanted the same topic for my
research paper.
 Jim has chosen the topic which/ that I wanted for my
research.
9. Can you recommend a car? It would be useful in this
mountainous area.
Can you recommend a car which/ that can be useful in
this mountainous?
 Exercise 5: Join the following sentences using relative
clauses and without changing the meaning.

10. The report caused a great deal of discussion. She

gave the report at the meeting.
 The report which/ that she gave at the meeting
caused a great deal of discussion.
11. We stopped our car at a place. We could see the
coming cars well there.
We stopped our car at a place where we could see
the coming cars well.
12. Fruit juice is dangerous for children. It has artificial
color and sweetener.
Fruit juice which/ that has artificial color and
sweetener in dangerous for children.
Exercise 5: Join the following sentences using relative
clauses and without changing the meaning.

13. Did you enjoy the movie? I had recommended it.

 Did you enjoy the movie which/ that I had
recommend?
14. Over there is a woman. You met her husband
yesterday.
Over there is a woman whose husband you met
yesterday.
15. Do you know the man? The jury gave the first
prize to him.
 Do you know the man who/ that the jury gave the
first prize to?
Exercise 6: Underline the adverb clause in each sentence.

1. After I finished doing the dishes, I helped my dad mow

the lawn.
2. The little girl was upset because her puppy was lost.
3. That old house looked spookier than a haunted house in
a nightmare would look.
4. Jeremy left for the football game before I could offer him
a ride.
5. Jennifer will go on the retreat unless it rains.
6. Dino ran the 100-yard dash much faster than I did.
7. Because the sweaters were on sale, Stuart bought three.
8. Eve was more interested in geography than her brother
was.
Exercise 6: Underline the adverb clause in each sentence.

9. Will you wait in the car until it’s time to leave for school?
10. Alex waxed the car until it looked brand new.
11. We met where his street intersects mine.
12. I heard a strange noise when I turned on the computer.
13. While it was snowing outside, Simon was daydreaming
about sunny beaches.
14. The band began a food drive so that we could help the
hungry.
15. Since she couldn’t find an opener, Sandy didn’t open
the can.
Exercise 7: Tick each sentence that contains a
noun clause.
1. ______
✔ The board proposed that all residents be required
to recycle.
2. ______
✔ Whatever you choose is fine with me.
3. ______
X Mike defended his position on the issue.
X The community college offers a course in fencing.
4. ______
5. ______
✔ The teacher predicted how the chemicals might
react.
X
6. ______ Ted should have been at the swim meet an hour
ago.
X
7. ______ The rest of the group arrived later.
8. ______
✔ You may take whichever puppy you want.
 Exercise 7: Tick each sentence that contains a
noun clause.
✔ The raccoons eat whatever they can find.
9. ______
10. ______
X The spilled soda did not stain the carpet.
11. ______
✔ What the majority wants usually becomes the
law.
X
12. ______ Onlookers were disappointed when the shuttle
lift-off was delayed.
X Marla was encouraged to enter her poems in a
13. ______
contest.
14. ______
✔ Many people believe that they can do anything
in the world.
15. ______
✔ Melissa thought that her test was marked
incorrectly.
Exercise 8: Underline the noun clause or clauses in
each sentence.
1. Sam did not know where the art exhibit was.
2. I do not know why Tonya chose to go with them instead of
us.
3. I dreamed that I was the president of the United States.
4. What makes them so special is their ability to see the
good in everyone.
5. When Mom came in with bags of groceries, she was
happy for whatever help we could give her.
6. Historians disagree about why wars start.
7. Whoever was in charge of that experiment made it easy
to understand.
8. That the boys had nothing in common became apparent.
Exercise 8: Underline the noun clause or clauses
in each sentence.

9. Brent’s patience and understanding were what we

appreciated most.
10. Chantal was not interested in what the others wanted
to do.
11. Whoever can play the piano will be the first on the list.
12. Kyle always felt that he’d like to live in Australia.
13. Ron said that there were no seats left in the
auditorium.
14. Why Jay left the party early was a mystery to
everyone.
15. How anyone could dislike homemade bread amazes
me!
Exercise 9: Complete or rewrite the
following. Use the clues where given.
1. A: Have they had dinner yet?
B: I’m not sure if/ whether they have had dinner yet.
2. A: Do you have any idea where/ Do you know where/ Do
you remember where Jack lives?
B: No, I don’t. But we can find his address in the phonebook.
3. A: Have you seen my keys?
B: I have no idea where they/ your keys/ the keys are.
4. A: What are you looking for?
B: My eyeglasses. I can’t remember where I put/ have put
them.
5. A: Excuse me, could you tell me how I can get to the zoo?
B: By underground. Take the yellow line to Greens Garden.
 Exercise 9: Complete or rewrite the following.
Use the clues where given.

6. I doubt if he will be able to see again. He’s had five surgeries on

his eyes, but with no luck.
7. Does this bus go to Manhattan?
 Could you tell me whether/ if this bus goes to Manhattan.
8. I am not sure. He may not come back home.
I doubt if/ whether he’ll come back home
9. A: Did Martha have the car repaired?
B: I don’t know whether/ if she had it repaired. She hasn’t talked
to me about that.
10. Will it be snowy today?
I wonder if it will be snowy today.
Exercise 10: Change the following
questions into noun clauses.

1. Where did Sally go?

→ Do you know where Sally went ?
2. When are your parents arriving at the airport?
→ Please tell me when your parents are arriving at the
airport .
3. Which train did they take to New York?
→ I can’t remember which train they took to New York.
4. Whose shares are these?
→ I don’t know whose shares these are.
5. What do they say?
→ I can’t hear what they said.
 Exercise 10: Change the following
questions into noun clauses.

6. Who is the owner of the house?

→ Can you tell me who the owner of the house is?
7. How many people were there at the meeting?
→ She wants to know how many people there were at the meeting.
8. How old do the students start school in your country?
→ Do you know how old the students start school in your country?
9. How far is it from Edirne to Kars?
→ Can you tell me how far it is from Edirne to Kars?
10. Why do people need to tell lies?
→ Do you know why people need to tell lies?
Exercise 11: Rewrite the following sentences to
introduce noun clauses.
1. There was very little petrol in the car. I was not aware of that, so
on the way to Kansas the car suddenly stopped.
→ I wasn’t aware of the fact that there was very little petrol in the
car, so on the way to Kansas the suddenly stopped.
2. Bill told a lie. That made me angry.
→ The fact that Bill told a lie made me angry.
3. She lacked the necessary qualifications. Due to that she wasn’t
accepted for the job.
→ Due to the fact that she lacked the necessary qualifications, she
wasn’t accepted for the job.
4. He made the same mistake twice. That is unforgivable.
→ The fact that he made the same mistake twice is unforgivable.
5. They accused us of committing a crime. That surprised us.
→ The fact that they accused us of committing a crime surprised us.
Exercise 11: Rewrite the following sentences to
introduce noun clauses.
6. It is obvious that he doesn’t know the manners.
→ That he doesn’t know manners is obvious.
7. It is a fact that water boils at 100oC.
→ That water boils at 100oC is a fact.
8. Mary hasn’t been able to make reliable friends. That’s apparent.
→ It is apparent that Mary hasn’t been able to make reliable friends
9. Pollution diminishes the quality of our lives. That is a fact hard to
deny.
→ That pollution diminishes the quality of our lives is a fact hard to
deny
10. Many people living in Antalya speak German quite well. When I first
visited Antalya, I was surprised by that.
→ When I first visited Antalya, I was surprised by the fact that many
people living there speak German quite well.