Exam Part 1

Questions :1-200
What are predominant linkages in
glycogen between glucose units?

Alpha 1,4
Alpha 1,6
Beta 1,3
Beta 1,4
Beta 1,6
In fermentation, the final electron
acceptor is

Water
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
An organic compound
An inorganic compound
Which of the following primary teeth
is MOST likely to have an oblique
ridge?
Maxillary canine
Maxillary first molar
Maxillary second molar
Mandibular first molar
Mandibular second molar
Each of the following structures is found in
the infratemporal fossae EXCEPT one.
Which one is this EXCEPTION?

Lingual nerve
Medial pterygoid muscle
Inferior alveolar nerve
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Pterygoid venous plexus
 Each of the following cranial nerves is
associated with the cavernous sinus EXCEPT
one. Which one is this EXCEPTION?

Facial
Abducens
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Oculomotor
Calcium dipicolinate is present in
large amounts in

Spores
Flagella
Mesosomes
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
When compared to the primary mandibular
first moral, the primary mandibular second
molar normally exhibits a GREATER
number of which of the following?

Oblique ridges
Roots
Cusps
Cervical ridges
Transverse ridges
 Which of the following describes the
movement of glycine molecules in an
electric field at a pH of 6.06 (the isoelectric
pH for glycine)? The glycine molecules will

Not move
Move to the anode
Move to the cathode
Move to both anode and cathode
Zinc is an essential component of
which of the following?

Pepsin
Amaylase
Hexokinase
Adenylate cyclase
Carbonic anhydrase
 Which of the following cancers
typically arises in teenagers and
young adults?
Wilms’ tumor
Angiosarcoma
Ewing’s sarcoma
Multiple myeloma
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Each of the following muscles usually appears
in the floor of the posterior triangle EXCEPT
one. Which one is this EXCEPTION?

Sternohyoid
Medius scalene
Splenius capitis
Levator scapulae
Anterior belly of omohyoid
 In an ideal intercuspal relation, the
mesiofacial cusp of the maxillary first molar
opposes which morphologic entity of the
mandiubular first molar?

Central fossa
Lingual groove
Distofacial groove
Mesiofacial groove
Three days ago, a patient received her third
immunization with tetanus toxoid. What
class of antibodies specific for tetanus toxoid
would one expect to find in her serum?
Similar concentrations of IgM and IgG
High concentrations of both IgM and IgD
Low concentrations of IgM; high concentration of
IgE
Low concentration of IgM; high concentration of
IgG
High concentration of IgM; low concentration of
IgG
Facilitated diffusion DIFFERS from
active transport in that net transport
by facilitated diffusion
Has a transport maximum
Uses ATP as an energy source
Requires a concentration gradient
Occurs as an endergonic (positive G)
process
Mucosa of the anterior two-thirds of
the tongue develops primarily from

Rathke’s pouch
Tuberculum impar
Foregut endoderm
Hypobranchial eminence
Lateral lingual swellings
Each of the following statements regarding
aldosterone is correct EXCEPT one. Which
one is this EXCEPTION?

Is a mineralocorticoid
Increases Na uptake from the kidneys
Production is stimulated by angiotensin II
Is produced in the zona fasciculata of the
adrenal cortex
Interstitial pulmonary inflammation
is MOST characteristic of

Viral pneumonia
Bacterial pneumonia
Lung abscess
Bronchial asthma
Bronchopneumonia
 The occlusal outline of a
mandibular first molar is similar to a

Circle
Square
Hexagon
Pentagon
Rhomboid
Which of the following statements
is correct with respect to
mastication of food?
Food is masticated primarily in a border
movement
Food is masticated primarily in lateral contacting
movement
An ideal occlusion is a requisite for masticatory
efficiency
Proper incisor contact is a requisite for
masticatory efficiency
Indigestion is generally related to inadequate
mastication of food
Human papillomaviruses 16 and 18
are strongly correlated with the
appearance of
Genital warts
Plantar warts
Cutaneous warts
Uterine cancer
Cervical cancer
The sensory receptors serving the
stretch reflex are classified as

Nociceptors
Chemoreceptors
Proprioceptors
Exteroceptors
Which of the following muscles participates
in flexion at the gleno-humeral and the
humero-ulnar joints?

Deltoid
Brachialis
Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii
Coracobrachiallis
During fetal development, blood is
shunted from the pulmonary artery
to the aortic arch by means of the
Foramen ovale
Sinus venosus
Ductus venosus
Ductus arteriosus
Foramen secundum
 Which of the following factors MOST
influences the lingual concavity of the
maxillary anterior teeth and groove direction
of the posterior teeth?
Anterior guidance
Angle of the eminence
Curve of the occlusion
Sideshift of the mandible (Bennett
movement)
Direction of movement of the rotating
condyle
Rough pneumococci grown in the presence
of DNA from dead smooth pneumococci
develop capsules. This is an example of
bacterial

Mutation
Dominance
Conjugation
Transduction
Transformation
 Which of the following base pairs
promotes helix stabilization in DNA
but does NOT do so in RNA?
G-C
A-T
G-U
C-T
A-U
Blood from the cephalic vein drains
into which of the following veins?

Basilic
Brachiocephalic
Axillary
Internal thoracic
Superior vena cava
The junction between the tooth surface and
the crevicular epithelium is composed of
which of the following?

Cementoid
Tight junction
Intermediate filaments
Basal lamina-like structure
Interstitial crevicular fluid
If the anticodon on transfer RNA is 5’ ACG
3’ then which of the following is its
corresponding codon on messenger-RNA?

5’ CGT 3’
5’ CGU 3’
5’ TGC 3’
5’ UAG 3’
5’ UGC 3’
 On the crown of the primary
maxillary first molar, the mesial
surface normally
Is larger than the distal surface of the
same tooth
Exhibits a concave lingual outline
Is wider occlusocervically than
buccolingually
Exhibits a straight cervical line
Is wider buccolingually at the occlusal table
than at the cervical third
 Staphylococcus aureus MOST
commonly causes

Skin infections
Septicemia
Sore throat
Chronic infections
Exogenous infections
 Each of the following is characteristic of
herpes zoster EXCEPT one. Which one is
the EXCEPTION?

Unilateral
Usually involves 1-3 dermatomes
Occurs repeatedly in immunocompetent
patients
Only occurs in an individual having a latent
VZV infection
More common in individuals who are
immunocompromised
Which of the following describes the contact
relationship between a maxillary central
incisor and a maxillary lateral incisor?

Contact is offset to the lingual

Contact is centered incisocervically
Lingual embrassure is larger than the
facial embrassure
Incisal embrassure is the largest of all the
embrasures
 Which of the following shows a
relative INCREASE as the dental
pulp ages?
Number of fibroblasts
Number of odontoblasts
Number of blood vessels
Size of the pulp chamber
Amount of fibrous connective tissue
 The rapid emergence of new
strains of human immunodeficiency
virus is primarily the result of
The frequent genomic recombination between
human immunodeficiency virus and other
retroviruses
Frequent errors in the translation of viral proteins
The lack of immune response to the viral
envelope glycoprotein
Frequent errors introduced by viral reverse
transcriptase
The imprecision of protein cleavage by viral
protease
 Mesial and distal pulp horns are
more likely to be found in which of
the following teeth?
Maxillary central incisors
Mandibular central incisors
Mandibular canines
Maxillary first premolars
Mandibular first premolars
 The major sensory nerve to the
parietal pericardium branches from
which of the following nerves?
Vagus
Musculophrenic
Intercostal
Phrenic
Internal thoracic
Which of the following muscles is
MOST concerned in quiet
respiration?
Rhomboid
Diaphragm
Subclavius
Sacrospinalis
Pectoralis major
 Before swallowing can be
initialized, afferent information must
be received
From muscle spindles, indicating the
consistency of a soft bolus of food
In a lesser amount from nociceptors indicating a
soft bolus of food
From mucosal mechanoreceptors, indicating the
consistency of a soft bolus of food
From pharyngeal taste receptors, indicating the
consistency of a soft bolus of food
When the mandible moves to the right, the
mesiolingual cusp of the maxillary right first
molar passes through which groove of the
mandibular right first molar?

Mesiomarginal
Distofacial
Mesiofacial
Lingual
Central
The antigenic component of which
of the following vaccines is a
capsular antigen?
Influenza
Poliovirus
Hepatitis B
Haemophilus influenza
Coupled respiration requires each
of the following EXCEPT one.
Which one is this EXCPETION?
ADP
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Electron donor
Inorganic phosphate
 As the severity of periodontal disease
progresses, there is an increase in plasma
cells that produce which of the following?

sIgA
IgD
IgE
IgG
IgM
 Which of the following is a
complication of cirrhosis?

Splenic atrophy
Hepatic angioma formation
Obstruction of portal circulation
Increased plasma protein formation
Decreased central venous pressure
Which of the following is produced when a
mutation occurs in an enzyme controlling a
signal pathway involved in cell growth
processes?

Epigene
Antigene
Oncogene
Monogene
Transgene
 DNA that is complementary to
mRNA can be made using which of
the following?
A plasmid
DNA ligase
A retrovirus
RNA polymerase
Reverse transcriptase
Which of the following groups of
organs is retroperitoneal?

Pancrease, transverse colon, and

descending colon
Pancrease, stomach, and ovary
Kidney, transverse colon, and ovary
Ureter, gallbladder, and transverse colon
Kidney, adrenal, and rectum
Each of the following derives from a
pharyngeal pouch EXCEPT one.
Which one is this EXCEPTION?
Thymus
Parathyroid
Parotid gland
Auditory tube
Palatine tonsil
49 Missing
50.Which of the following is caused
by vitamin D deficiency in adults?

Rickets
Myxedema
Acromegaly
Osteomalacia
Osteitis fibrosa cystica
 In unilateral balanced occlusion, contact between
lower buccal cusps and upper buccal cusps, along
with simultanwous contact between lower lingual
cusps and upper lingual cusps, will MOST likely
occur in which of the following types of mandibular
movements?

Laterotrusive
Mediotrusive
Straight retrusive
Straight protrusive
The buccal mucosa typically has
which of the following epithelia?

Simple columnar
Pseudostratified columnar
Non-keratinzed, stratified squamous
Parakeratinized, stratified squamous
Orthokeratinized, stratified squamous
The apex of the horizontal plane
Gothic-arch tracing represents
which of the following positions?
Maximum opening
Centric relation
Lateral protrusive
Rest position
Which of the following streptococcal virulence
factors acts as a superantigen, mediating a
variety of cytokine-induced effects that can
result in life-threatening disease?

Pyrogenic exotoxin
Hyaluronidase
Streptokinase
Streptolysin O
Preganglionic parasympathitic fibers that
synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion
travel in which of the following nerves?

Maxillary
Lesser palatine
Lesser petrosal
Greater palatine
Greater petrosal
 Initiation of calcification for the
mandibular central incisor normally
occurs at
3-4 months of age
1 year of age
2-3 years of age
4-5 years of age
6-7 years of age
 Each of the following viruses is potentially
capable of causing cell transformation EXCEPT
one. Which one is this EXCEPTION?

Retrovirus
Herpesvirus
Picornavirus
Hepatitis B virus
Human papillomavirus
 Of the primary maxillary teeth, the cervical
ridge would stand out MOST prominently as a
distinct entity on which surface of which molar?

Molar Surface
First Distofacial
First Mesiofacial
Second Distofacial
Second Mesiolingual
Second Distolingual
IL-1 is primarily produced by which
of the following?

Neutrophils
Macrophages
Plasma cells
T-helper cells
T-suppressor cells
During endodontic therapy, one will
usually find two pulp canals in
which of the following?
Mandibular canine
Distofacial root of a maxillary molar
Distal root of a mandibular first molar
Mesial root of a mandibular first molar
Lingual root of a maxillary first molar
Which of the following statements
BEST applies to saliva?

Phosphate is the main pH buffer

Supplies sialate for additional mucins
Main source of enzymes for protein
digestion
Supplies calcium and phosphate for
remineralization
Undersaturated with respect to
hydroxyapatite at neutral pH
 Smooth muscle contains each of the
following muscle proteins EXCEPT one.
Which one is this EXCEPTION?

Actin
Myosin
Troponin
Tropomyosin
 Cell bodies of neurons mediating
proprioception from the periodontal lifament
of the maxillary first molar lie in the

Semilunar ganglion
Motor nucleus of V
Spinal nucleus of V
Chief sensory nucleus of V
Mesencephalic nucleus of V
 Which of the following can be used to
distinguish the palatine tonsil from the
pharyngeal tonsil on the histologic level?

General shape of the tonsil

Number of lymphatic nodules
Type of epithelium associated with it
Type of lymphocytes present
Presence or absence of Hassall’s
corpuscles
 The movement in the upper compartment of the
temporomandibular joint is rotation and translation.

The movement in the lower compartment is translation.

Both statements are TRUE

Both statements are FALSE
The first statement is TRUE, and the
second is FALSE
The first statement is FALSE, and the
second is TRUE
 As blood flows through the periodontal membrane,
tremendous pressures occur in response to forceful
occlusion. Blood flow is temporarily reduced, but
platelets do not aggregate because of the presence of

Ca
ADP
Thrombin
Thromboxane A2
Prostacyclin (PgI2)
Which of the following parts of the
hypophysis is the site of oxytocin
release?
Pars nervosa
Infundibulum
Pars distalis
Pars tuberalis
Pars intermedia
The non-working condyle performs
which of the following movements?

Straight forward
Forward and downward
Downward, forward, and lateral
Downward, backward, and medial
Downward, forward, and medial
 Which of the following substances is the
predominant source of ATP at MODERATE
levels (for greater than 60 minutes) of activity?

Amino acids
Fatty acids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Which of the following promotes the
release of bile from the
gallbladder?
Gasrin
Secretin
Galla
Bombesin
Cholecystokinin
 Which of the following teeth
represents the one MOST likely to
present with three roots?
Mandibular central incisor
Mandibular second premolar
Mandibular canine
Maxillary first premolar
Maxillary second premolar
Which of the following chemical
agents is approved as an
immersion sterilant?
Iodophors
Ethyl alcohol
Glutaraldehydes
Synthetic phenolics
Sodium hypochlorite
Granulation tissue is comprised of each of
the following components EXCEPT one.
Which one is this EXCEPTION?

Fibroblasts
Plasma cells
Capillary buds
Endothelial cells
Newly formed collagen
Following eruption and initial occlusal contact in the oral
cavity, a tooth will continue to erupt in order to
compensate for occlusal wear. In response to this
continuous eruption, which of the following is deposited
at the apex of the root?

Primary dentin
Secondary dentin
Reparative dentin
Cellular cementum
Acellular cementum
 Which of the following would produce the
greatest DECREASE in resistance in a
single artery 2 mm long and with a radius of
1.2 mm?
A halving in length
A doubling in length
An increase in radius by a factor of 2
A decrease in blood viscosity by a factor of
2
 Which of the following BEST
describes a centric holding cusp of
a mandibular left second molar?
It is the distofacial cusp and occludes in the
embrassure between maxillary first and second
molars
It is the distofacial cusp and occludes in the
central fossa of a maxillary second molar
It is the distolingual cusp and occludes in the
embrassure between maxillary first and second
molars
It is the distolingual cusp and occludes in the
central fossa of a maxillary second molar
Oral streptococci are usually

Gamma-hemolytic
Alpha-hemolytic
Beta-hemolytic
Non-hemolytic
 The cell membrane is LEAST
permeable to which of the following
substances?
O2
CO2
H2O
Sodium
Ethanol
 Which of the following types of
dentin is the MOST highly
mineralized?
Carious
Predentin
Intertubular
Interglobular
Intra(peri)tubular
Each of the following can be found
in the dental pulp EXCEPT one.
Which one is this EXCEPTION?
Nerve tissue
Blood vessels
Cementoblasts
Lymph vessels
According to the Spaulding Classification
System for contaminated items and
srufaces, semi-critical items should be
reprocessed by
Exposure to ethylene oxide
A spray-wipe-spray technique
Immersion in a tuberculocidal disinfectant
Washing with a chlorhexidine fluconate
disinfectant
Heat stabilization if the material is heat
stable
In the contractile cycle, the dissociation of
the actomyosin complex results MOST
immediately from

ATP hydrolysis
Release of ATP hydrolysis products
ATP replacing ADP on the myosin heads
Tilting of the myosin heads (crossbridges)
Which of the following represents
the consequence of the fact that
DNA strans are complementary?
Hairpin loop structures can be generated
They will always have identical sequences
Separated strands are able to reassociate
They cannot get back together once
separated
 Which of the following
predominates in steroid producing
cells?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Phagosomes
Nucleolus
The spacing between anterior teeth
in the primary dentition is MOST
frequently caused by
Thumb-sucking
Tongue thrusting
Transseptal gingival fibers
The growth of the dental arches
The pressure form succedaeous teeth
 Each of the following types of cells
is phagocytic EXCEPT one. Which
one is this EXCEPTION?
Monocyte
Histiocyte
Neutrophil
Macrophage
Lymphocyte
 Which of the following is MOST
likely to promote depolymerization
of extracellular matrix?
Corisone
Collagenase
Chymotrypsin
Hyaluronidase
In the intercuspal position, which of the following
anterior teeth has the potential of contacting both
anterior and posterior antagonists?

Maxillary lateral incisor

Mandibular lateral incisor
Maxillary canine
Mandibular canine
In the oral region, the lingual artery
usually is found between the

Lingual and hypoglossal nerves

Mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles
Hyoglossus and genioglossus muscles
Sublingual duct and hypoglossal nerve
Oral mucous membrane and the anterior
belly of the digastric muscle
 Each of the following is a type of
inflammatory exudate EXCEPT one. Which
one is this EXCPETION?

Suppurative
Fibrous
Purulent
Fibrinous
Pseudomembranous
 A substance alters the rate of an enzymatic
reaction by binding to the enzyme at a site other
than the active site. The substance described is
a (an)

Uncoupler
Covalent modifier
Allosteric inhibitor
Competitive inhibitor
Post-translational modifier
 On a maxillary first molar, the occlusal
outline contains two obtuse and two acute
angles. The acute line angles are

Mesiolingual and distolingual

Mesiofacial and distiolingual
Mesiolingual and distofacial
Mesiofacial and distofacial
Distofacial and distolingual
 When T-cells from patients who have
chronic periodontal disease react with
certain plaque bacterial antigens, they
produce each of the following EXCEPT one.
Which one is this EXCEPTION?
Immunoglobulin
IL-2
TNF-B
IFN-y
 During which of the following would blood
flow to the coronary arteries be GREATEST
in a resting individual

Isovolumic contraction
Ventricular ejection
Atrial contraction
Ventricular relaxation
Atropine prevents the secretion of
saliva resulting from stimulation of
the chorda tympani because it
Denatures the salivary gland proteins
Prevents the action of acetylcholine on the
secreting cells
Prevents release of acetylcholine by
sympathetic postganglionic fibers
Prevents release of acetylcholine in
autonomic ganglia
If the point of a needle enters the parotid
gland during an inferior alveolar injection
and solution is deposited in the gland, the
MOST likely result is

Paralysis of the buccinator muscle

Paralysis of the temporalis muscle
Paresthesia of the lingual nerve
Paralysis of temporal tympani
A hematoma of the pterygoid venous
plexus
Which of the following promotes
edema?

Increased blood proteins

Increased sodium excretion
Decreased lymphatic drainage
Decreased venule blood pressure
Increased plasma osmotic pressure
 Which of the following BEST describes the
primary ionic movement during the
depolarization phase of a nerve action potential?

Potassium ions moving from inside to outside

the membrane
Potassium ions moving into the fiber from
interstitial fluid
Large organic-negative ions moving from inside
the fiber to outside the fiber
Sodium ions moving from inside the membrane
to outside the membrane
Sodium ions moving from outside the membrane
to inside the membrane
A mature ovum is expelled from
which of the following?

Corpus luteum
Corpus albicans
Graafian follicles
Corpus hemorrhagicum
 Which of the following is the characteristic
immunoglobulin present in human external
secretions (i.e. saliva, tears, intestinal juice)?

Monomeric IgE
Monomeric IgA
Polymeric IgG4
Polymeric IgA
Secretory IgD
Which of the following is the cellular
organelle that contains many types
of hydorlytic enzymes?
Lysosome
Centrosome
Mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ordinarily, a 6 year old child would
have which of the following teeth
clinically visible?
All primary teeth only
All primary teeth and permanent first
molars
Primary posterior teeth, permanent first
molars, and central incisors
Primary canines, permanent first molars,
and permanent mandibular incisors
Which of the following is the lobe of
the cerebral hemisphere that lies in
the middle cranial fossa?
Frontal
Temporal
Occipital
Parietal
 In an ideal intercuspal position, the
distoincisal aspect of a mandibular central
incisor opposes which structure of which
maxillary incisor?

Lingual fossa of a lateral

Mesial marginal ridge of a lateral
Distal marginal ridge of a central
Mesial marginal ridge of a central
Lingual fossa of a central
Virulence of the pneumococcus is
associated with its

Pyrogenic exotoxin
C-reactive protein
Content of nucleoprotein
Production of streptolysin
Capsular polysaccharide
Which of the following statements
BEST describes hydroxyapatite in
enamel?
Has a nonpolar surface
Has 10 ions in each unit cell
Contains no ion substitutions
Has a higher solubility than fluorapatite
Has a solubility that decreases as the pH
decreases
 Which of the following epithelial types is
normally associated with the internal lining
of the majority of the tubular gastrointestinal
tract?

Simple columnar
Simple cuboidal
Simple squamous
Stratified cuboidal
Stratified squamous
Prior to surgery, an anxious patient has a
higher systolic blood pressure than
previously noted. Which of the following
represents the MOST likely reason?

Cardiac shock
Anaphylactic shock
Atrial fibrillation
Ventricular fibrillation
Decreased arterial compliance
 Which of the following skin lesions is
generally considered precancerous?

Psoriasis
Verruca vulgaris
Intradermal nevus
Actinic keratosis
Seborrheic keratosis
 Which of the following is a branching,
filamentous, microorganism that is a normal
inhabitant of the gingival crevice and
tonsillar crypts?
Aspergillus niger
Actinomyces naeslundii
Penicillium notatum
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Lactobacillus casei
 Glucose can be made from each of the
following substances EXCEPT one. Which
one is this EXCEPTION?

Lactate
Acetyl CoA
Glycerol
Pyruvate
Fructose
In an ideal intercuspal position, the
distolingual cusp of a maxillary first
molar opposes the
Central fossa of the mandibular first molar
Lingual sulcus of the mandibular first molar
Mesial fossa of the mandibular second molar
Mesial marginal ridge of the mandibular second
molar
Facial embrasure between the mandibular first
and second molars
Which of the following oral tissues
contains the LEAST collagen?

Bone
Dentin
Mucosa
Enamel
Cementum
Each of the following statements describes a
contributor to the initiation of mineralization
of bone EXCEPT one. Which one is this
EXCEPTION?
Holes or pores in collagen fibers
Release of matrix vesicles by osteoblasts
Release of acid phosphatase by osteocytes
trapped in lacunae
Alkaline phasphatase activity in osteoblasts and
matrix vesicles
Degredation of matrix pyrophosphate to release
an inorganic phosphate group
Increased pulmonary ventilation observed at
high altitudes results directly from the effect
of hypoxia on the

Carotid body
Aortic sinus
Hypothalamus
Carotid sinus
Respiratory center
Juxtamedular and cortical nephrons
differ primarily in

Filtration fraction
Location of macula densa
Length of proximal tubule
Length of distal convulted tubule
Length of the thin segment of the loop of
Henle
Which of the following represents
the primary function of sIgA?

Aggregates microorganisms and prevents

colonization
Activates complement in secretory fluids
Promotes phagocytosis by monocytes
Activates mast cells
Activates NK cels
Which of the following BEST describes the
occlusal outline of a maxillary first molar
from an occlusal view?

Ovoid
Square
Rectangle
Pentagonal
Rhomboidal
 The nasopalatine nerve reaches
mucosa in the oral cavity via which
of the following foramina?
Incisive
Infraorbital
Lesser palatine
Greater palatine
Pterygopalatine
Which of the following represents the total
number of teeth in the permanent dentition
that normally possess a cingulum?

4
6
8
12
16
 Cellular tropism by viruses is
dependent on which of the
following?
Host cell DNA homology to viral DNA
Temperature of host cell incubation
Gamma-interferon production
Cell surface receptors
Viral enzyme synthesis
 Which of the following is an
allosteric effector of an ezymatic
reaction?
Competitive inhibitor
Noncompetitive inhibitor
Substance that binds to the substrate
Substance affecting enzymatic activity by
binding to the active site
Substance affecting enzymatic activity by
binding to non-active sites
Odontoblasts secrete the organic
components of the dentin matrix.
The fibrous matrix is MOSTLY
Keratin
Reticular fibers
Type 1 collagen
Type II and III colagen
Reabsorbed as the dentin matures
Which of the following BEST describes the
normal root of the mandibular canine, in
cross section at the CEJ

Circular, symmetrical
Triangular, symmetrical
Ovoid, symmetrical
Ovoid, but wider mesiodistally at the
lingual
Ovoid, but wider mesiodistally at the labial
Collagen degredation that is observed in chronic
periodontal disease can result directly from the
action of collagenase enzymes of oral microbial
origin. Such enzymes have been demonstrated
as component systems of
Porphyromonas species
Lepthothrix buccalis
Entamoeba gingivalis
Enterococcus faecalis
Veillonella species
Hormones that exert their effects
through the activation of second
messengers are
Lipophilic
Usually water soluble peptide/protien
hormones
Initially bound to cytoplasmic hormone
receptors
Secreted by ovaries, testes, adrenal
cortex, and placenta
 Which of the following exhibits
phagocytic activity in the central
nervous system?
Ependymal cell
Microglial cell
Oligodendrocyte
Fibrous astrocyte
Protoplamsic astrocyte
 Each of the following coenzymes is a
component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase
complex EXCEPT one. Which one is this
EXCEPTION?

NAD
Biotin
Coenzyme A
Thiamine pyrophasphate
 Identify the anterior tooth that MOST
frequently exhibits a bifurcated root and
identify the positions of the roots.
Tooth Root Position
Maxillary lateral mesial and distal
incisor
Maxillary lateral Facial and lingual
incisor
Maxillary canine Facial and lingual
Mandibular canine Facial and lingual
Which of the following ligaments is
MOST often damaged in an inferior
alveolar nerve block?
Lateral
Capsular
Stylohyoid
Stylomandibular
Sphenomandibular
Which of the following enzymes
seals nicks in DNA?

Exonuclease
Endonuclease
Ligase
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Which of the following teeth is the
LEAST likely tooth to have a
bifurcation of the root?
Mandibular canine
Mandibular central incisor
Maxillary central incisor
Mandibular lateral incisor
Maxillary second premolar
Hepatitis C virus infection is MOST
often transmitted through

Sexual contact
Oral secretions
Blood transfusions
The fecal-oral route
Respiratory droplets
 Neurofibromatosis type I is
characterized by which of the
following conditions?
Multiple mucosal neuromas
Perioral melanotic freckles
Medullary carcinoma of thyroid
Development of visceral carcinoma
Multiple pigmented macules of the skin
Each of the following structures increases
the surface area of the small intestine
EXCEPT one. Which one is the
EXCEPTION?

Villi
Rugae
Microvilli
Brush border
Circular folds
Which of the following represents the slight
incisocervical concavity on the labial crown
surface of the canines that is found in the
incisal third, just mesial to the labial ridge?

Mesial fossa
Mesiolingual fissa
Mesial marginal ridge
Mesiolabial line angle
Mesiolabial developmental depression
Submucosal glands are usually
located in the

Fundus of stomach
Duodenum
Appendix
Jejunum
Colon
Which of the following is an endogenous
fungus that is capable of producing an
opportunistic infection?

Candida
Rhizopus
Blastomyces
Aspergillus
Cryptococcus
 Which of the following pathogens is the
single MOST common cause of sexually
transmitted disease in the U.S.?

Treponema pallidum
Haemophilus ducrey
Chlamydia trachomatis
Herpes simplex virus
Human immunodeficiency virus
 Which of the following is the pathway that
results in the formation of glucose in the liver
from lactate produced in muscle?

Cori cycle
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Pentose phosphate pathway
 Which of the following represents
the primary function of cementum?

Attach Sharpey’s fibers

Protect the root from caries
Repair traumatic injuries of the root
Supply nutrition to the periodontal ligament
Aintain the width of the periodontal
ligament
 Compared to a maxillary second
premolar, a maxillary first premolar
has
Two roots, on facial and one lingual
Three developmental grooves
One root containing two root canals
A shorter central groove
Two roots, one mesial and one distal
A 9-year-old boy has tinea capitis. If he is
receiving appropriate therapy then he is
MOST likely being treated with an

Anti-viral agent
Anti-mycotic agent
Anti-bacterial agent
Anti-parasitic agent
 A pronounced developmental groove is
usually present on a marginal ridge of which
of the following teeth?

Maxillary canine
Maxillary first premolar
Mandibular second premolar
Mandibular first molar
Maxillary second molar
 MOST cases of choriocarcinoma are
discovered by the appearance of a rising titer
in blood or urine of which of the following?

Acid phosphatase
Alpha-fetoprotein
Alkaline phasphatase
Carcinoembryonic antigen
Human chorionic gonadotropin
 Glucose reabsorption in the
nephron is usually completed in
which of the following?
Distal tubule
Loop of Henle
Collecting duct
Proximal tubule
 Which of the following represents the
number and the location of cusps on the Y-
type mandibular second premolar?

No lingual and on facial

One lingual and one facial
One lingual and two facial
Two lingual and one facial
Two lingual and two facial
Which of the following primary teeth is
usually bilaterally symmetrical when
viewed facially and incisally?

Mandibular central incisor

Maxillary central incisor
Maxillary lateral incisor
Mandibular lateral incisor
Mandibular canine
Pernicious anemia is characteirzed by each
of the following symptoms EXCEPT one.
Which one is this EXCEPTION?

Easy fatigability
Atrophic glossitis
Peripheral neuropathy
Atrophy of the gastric mucosa
Microcytic hypochromic red blood cells
 Which of the following nerves
pierces the thyrohyoid membrane?

Inferior laryngeal
Recurrent laryngeal
External branch of the superior laryngeal
Internal branch of the superior laryngeal
Pharyngeal branch of the vagus
 Each of the following conditions involves
changes in numbers of cells in an organ or
tissue EXCEPT one. Which one is this
EXCEPTION?

Aplasia
Hyperplasia
Hypoplasia
Metaplasia
 The marginal ridges are more
prominent on the lingual surface of
which of the following incisors?
Maxillary central
Mandibular central
Maxillary lateral
Mandibular lateral
 Which of the following directly
catalyzes urea formation in a cell?

Urease
Uricase
Arginase
Glutaminase
Atretic follicles are characteristic of
which of the following?

Integument of scalp
Thyroid
Pituitary
Lymph gland
Ovary
 Which of the following conditions is a
significant risk factor for the development of
hepatocellular carcinoma?

Cholestasis
Portal hypertension
Cholelithiasis
Reye’s syndrome
Hepatitis C
 Where is the lingual height of
contour located on a mandibular
first premolar?
Occlusal third
Junction of the occlusal and middle thirds
Middle third
Junction of the middle and cervical thirds
Cervical third
Cigarette smoking has been etiologically
linked to each of the following cancers
EXCEPT one. Which one is this
EXCEPTION?

Lung
Colon
Oral cavity
Esophagus
Urinary bladder
Which of the following teeth has the
greatest cervico-occlusal crown
height?
Maxillary first premolar
Mandibular second premolar
Maxillary first molar
Mandibular second molar
Maxillary second molar
The oblique ridge of the maxillary
molars extends between which two
cusps?
Mesiofacial and distofacial
Mesiolingual and distolingual
Mesiolingual and distofacial
Mesiofacial and meiolingual
Mesiofacial and distolingual
A practitioner administers a 90:10 nitrous oxide-
oxygen mixture to a patient, causing respiratory
depression. Which of the following conditions is
likely to result?

Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Test item #’s 161-172 refer to the
following testlet

A 23 year-old female presents with complaints of

difficulty in opening her mouth and a low-grade
fever of several days’ duration. The medical
histroy indicates a recent positive PPD skin test,
and the patient is taking rifampin (Rifadin). The
extra-oral exam shows diffuse swelling at the
angle of the right mandible and lateral neck.
Oral exam shows gingival swelling and erythema
around partially erupted Tooth #32.
 Rifampin (Rifadin) is effective in treating
active tuberculosis because it targets which
of the following pathways?

Mitosis
Replication
Translation
Transcription
mRNA splicing
This patient’s internal temperature
is monitored by central
thermoreceptors located in the
Medulla
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
Anterior ituitary
Posterior pituitary
MOST plasma cells that form in the
cervical lymph nodes will be found
in which of the following areas?
Paracortex
Lymph nodules
Medullary cords
Germinal centers
Trabecular sinuses
 Which of the following histopathologic
findings will characterize lymph node
involvement with mycobacterium
tuberculosis in the lateral neck?

Fibrosis and scarring of the lymph node cortex

Hyperplasia of the cortex and presence of Reed-
Sternberg cells
Granulomas with multinucleate giant cells and
caseation necrosis
Hyperplasia of the cortex and a focally dense
infiltrate of neutrophils
 Swelling at the angle of the mandible and
the lateral neck MOST likely resulted from
deflection of exudates by which of the
following structures?

Sublingual gland
Mylohyoid muscle
Hyoglossus muscle
Buccopharyngeal fascia
Pterygomandibular raphe
 Each of the following muscles is constrained in
function due to the patient’s condition EXCEPT
one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
This patient’s gingival swelling will
elicit sensations of pain that will
travel via which of the following?
Chorda tympani
Buccal branch of the facial nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Buccal nerve
Temporal branch of the facial nerve
The tissue swelling associated with
inflammation in this patient is due
to which of the following factors?
Vasodilating kinins
Increased blood pressure
Increased serum osmolarity
Decreased capillary permeability
 If Tooth #32 is infected, then the infection
will typically spread to each of the following
fascial spaces EXCEPT one. Which one is
this EXCEPTION?

Parotid
Temporal
Masseteric
Buccopharyngeal
 Lymphatic fluid from the area of infected
Tooth #32 will drain INITIALLY to which of
the following nodes?

Buccal
Submental
Deep cervical
Submandibular
Superficial cervical
(I DON’T AGREE WITH THEIR ANSWER SO
BE CAREFUL ON THIS WITH THE REAL
EXAM. IT MIGHT HELP TO LOOK THIS UP. IF
ANYONE HAS ADDITION INFO ON THIS, IT
WOULD BE APPRECIATED)
 A radiograph of Tooth #32 shows two well-
formed roots. When sectioning this tooth to
separate the roots and simplify extraction,
which of the following BEST describes how
the cut should be made?

Bucco-lingually through the crown and furcation

Bucco-lingually through the pulp horns
Mesio-distally through the crown and furcation
Mesio-distally through the crown at the level of
the CEJ
 Prior to extracting Tooth #32, surgery is
done to exopse the entire crown of the tooth.
Which of the following should the dentist
expect to see?

The buccal-lingual dimension of the crown is

greater than the mesial-distal dimension
The mesial-distal dimension of the crown is
greater that the buccal-lingual dimension
The buccal-lingual and mesial-distal dimensions
of the crown are the same
The crown of Tooth #32 is smaller than the
crown of Tooth #1
Test item #’s 173-181 refer to the
following testlet

A 7-year-old male with a histroy of asthma

presents for an emergency appointment. He
suffered a fall in which he struck his anterior
maxilla, lacerating his lips. Oral examination
reveals bleeding from the gingival sulcus around
the maxillary central incisors, and these teeth
are mobile. The maxillary lateral incisors are
mobile but do not exhibit bleeding. During the
intial exam, the patient demonstrates acut
dyspnea.
 During the intitial oral examination, the dentist
suspects onset of an acut asthmatic attack. Each
of the following is a common manifestation of an
asthmatic attack EXCEPT one. Which one is this
EXCEPTION?

Airway edema
Bronchospasm
Decreased surfactant
Increased mucous secretion
Increased airway resistance
Which of the following immunoglobulin
classes is MOST active in this patient’s
respiratory difficulties?

IgD
IgA
IgE
IgM
IgG
 Treatment of this patient’s respiratory
symptoms requires activation of which of the
following pathways?

Cholinergic nicotinic
Cholinergic muscarinic
Adrenergic Alpha-1
Adrenergic Beta-1
Adrenergic Beta-2
 The immediate consequences of this patient’s
respiratory difficulty include each of the following
EXCEPT one. Which one is this EXCEPTION?

Hypoxia
Tachycardia
Hypercapnia
Acute respiratory acidosis
Increased renal bicarbonate production
 Each of the following statements regarding
the pathogenesis of this patient’s respiratory
difficulty is correct EXCEPT one. Which one
is this EXCEPTION?

Multinucleated giant cells phagocytize extrinsic antigens

Protaglandin D elicits bronchoconstriction and
vasodilation
Chemotactic factors recruit and activate eosinophils and
neutrophils
Platelet activating factor aggregates platelets and
induces hisamine release
Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 cause prolonged
bronchoconstriction and mucin secretion
 Laceration of the patient’s lips
resulted in bleeding from which of
the following arteries?
Nasopalatine
Nasal branches of the facial
Labial branches of the facial
Buccal branch of the maxillary
Incisive branches of the infraorbital
 If there is a fracture of the maxillary bone
adjacent to the traumatized central incisors,
then nociception terminates centrally within
which of the following?

Trigeminal ganglion
Spinal tract of V
Spinal subnucleus oralis of V
Spinal subnucleus caudalis of V
Main (chief) sensory nucleus of V
 On a panoramic radiograph of this patient,
the dentist will expect to see each of the
following features EXCEPT one. Which one
is this EXCEPTION?

Primary maxillary lateral incisors with partially resorbed

roots
Partially erupted maxillary central incisors with
incomplete root closure at the apex
Partially erupted mandibular lateral incisors with
incomplete root closure at the apex
Fully erupted mandibular central incisors with complete
root formation and closure at the apex
Fully erupted mandibular first molars with incomplete
root formation and non-closure at the apex
A radiograph of the maxillary central incisors reveals a
small, calcified radiopaque mass between the roots of
Teeth #8 and #9. Which of the following is the MOST
likely reason for this mass?

Distodens
Mesiodens
Talon cusp
Dens in dente
Peg lateral incisor
Test item #’s 182-195 refer to the
following testlet

A 15-year-old male presents for emergency

card. He is non-compliant with his type I
diabetes refimen, and he suffered a fall while
having an insulin reaction. He struck his chin
and lacerated his tongue. Upon opening, his
mandible deviates to the left. A panoramic
radiograph reveals a fracture of the left condylar
neck.
 Before examining this patient, the dentist notes
that the standard medical emergency kit contains
an ampule of glucagon. For which of the following
reasons would glucagon be used?

Acts as a source of glucose for the

hypoglycemic patient
Promotes glycogen formation in the
hyperflycemic patient
Promotes glycogenolysis in the
hypoglycemic patient
Stimulates secretion of insulin in the
hyperglycemic patient
The patient’s “insulin reaction” represented a sudden fal
in blood glucose because he had taken his normal
insulin dose but did not eat breakfast. Each of the
following is a clincal manifestation of hypoglycemia
EXCEPT one. Which one is this EXCEPTION?

Coma
Dizziness
Confusion
Convulsion
Hyperventilation
 Which of the following glucose
transporters was responsible for
the patient’s “insulin reaction”?
GLUT-1
GLUT-2
GLUT-3
GLUT-4
GLUT-5
Which of the following cells found in
the pancreas is responsible for
secreting insulin?
Alpha
Beta
Delta
Acinar
Centroacinar
 Each of the following is a likely long-term
complication of poorly controlled type I
diabetes mellitus EXCEPT one. Which one
is this EXCPETION?

Pancreatic carcinoma
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
Proliferative retinopathy
Nodular glomerulosclerosis
Peripheral symmetric neuropathy
Sudden onset of a seizure in this
patient would MOST likely be due
to which of the following?
Hypoxia
Ketoacidosis
Hyponatremia
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
 The patient’s tongue laceration will
likely damage taste buds found on?

Filiform papilla
Fungiform papilla
Circumvallate papilla
Ventrum of the tongue
 Pain impulses from the patient’s
fractured mandible are carried by
which of the following nerves?
Lingual
Inferior alveolar
Auriculotemporal
Zygomaticotemporal
Nerve to lateral pterygoid
 Each of the following events will occur
during fracture repair EXCEPT one. Which
one is this EXCEPTION?

Blood clot forms

Bridging callus forms
Periosteal callus forms
New endochondral bone forms
New osteons grow across the callus
 The deviation of the patient’s mandible is
MOST likely due to lack of function of which
of the following muscles?

Left medial pterygoid

Right medial pterygoid
Masseter
Left lateral pterygoid
Right lateral pterygoid
Monosynaptic jaw closing reflexes
might be disrupted in which of the
following areas?
Locus coenurus
Globus pallidus
Motor nucleus of V
Mesencephalic nucleus of V
Motor nucleus of VII
 Muscular contractions might result in
displacement of the left condyle. Into which
of the following areas will the condyle MOST
likely be displace?

Oral cavity
Maxillary sinus
Temporal fossa
Middle ear cavity
Infratemporal fossa
 With the fracture of the left condyle, the
condylar head remains in the mandibular fossa
due to which of the following ligaments?

Periodontal
Otomandibular
Stylomandibular
Sphenomandibular
Temporomandibular
Clinical examination revelas that the lingual
cusp on Tooth #5 is broken off. This is
MOST likely due to wich of the following
mandibular movements during trauma?

Left mesiotrusive
Right mesiotrusive
Protrusive
Left laterotrusive
Right laterotrusive
Test item #’s 196-200 refer to the
following testlet

The dentist is called in to assist in the

postmortam identifaction of an unknown
person. Parts of a cadaver are presented,
including portion of the skull with bones,
teeth, and intact soft tissue.
 Upon viewing the cadaver, the dentist suddenly feels
faint, and experiences vasodepressor syncope. This
finding might be assonciated with each of the following
EXCEPT one. Which one is this EXCEPTION?

Pallor
Diaphoresis
Decreased heart rate
Decreased cerevral blood flow
Increased systmeic blood pressure
 Examination of the right side of the cadaver’s skull
reveals a fracture running through the petrotympanic
fissure. Which of the following structures is MOST
likely affected by such a fracture?

Chorda tympani
Auriculotemporal nerve
Mandibular branch of V
Middle meningeal artery
Accessory meningeal artery
 Examination of a remnant of the cranial
base exhibits a fracture of the cribiform
plate. Damage to this area typically results
in which of the following conditions?

“Tunnel” vision
Loss of sense of taste
Loss of sense of smell
Damage to optic chiasm
Damage to speech areas
 Examination of a portion of the left mandible
shows a torn piece of muscle attached on the
medial side near the angle of the mandible.
This is which of the following muscles?

Buccal
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Inferior head of the pterygoid
 One piece of examined soft tissue contains
obvious glandular tissue. Histological examination
reveals that it is composed of purely serous acini.
This is MOST likely which of the following glands?

Buccal
Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular
Posterior palatal