PRESENTATION OUTLINE

GROUP : PULMONARY TB
LEADER : EKA
MEMERS : AIDA NURUL MUTIA, DHEWANITA, FITRIYANI,
KHOFIFAH INDAR, FRISKYLA, URIFAH

NAME MATERIAL
EKA TRISANTI DEFINITION PULMONARY TB
FITRIYANI CAUSES / ETIOLOGY PULMONARY TB
DHEWANITA SYMPTOMS PULMONARY TB
URIFAH TREATMENT PULMONARY TB
AIDA NURUL MUTIA Prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis
FRISKYLA SUPPORTING INVESTIGATION
KHAFIFAH INDAR RISK FACTOR PULMONARY TB
 1. DEFINITION PULMONARY TB

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a contagious disease caused by the bacteria mycobacterium

tuberculosa. Most of these germs attack the lungs.

Pulmonary TB classification
There are two classifications of pulmonary tuberculosis:
1. First latent Tb
Latent TB is a condition when the bacteria mycobacterium tuberculosis is present in the
body but is inactive. This condition also does not cause symptoms or the sufferer does not feel
sick and is not contagious but can be active at any time.
2. Both Tb are active
Active TB is a condition when the mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria is present in the
body and is active so that it can transmit the bacteria to others and also cause symptoms.
2. PULMONARY TBC CAUSES
Pulmonary TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M tuberculosis). TB is
contagious. This means the bacteria are easily spread from an infected person to someone else. You
can get TB by breathing in air droplets from a cough or sneeze of an infected person. The germs can
stay in the air for several hours. It’s possible to inhale them even when the infected person isn’t in
the room. But usually you have to be close to someone with TB for a long period of time to catch it
How pulmonary TB spreads?
shaking hands
sharing food or drink
sleeping in the same bed
kissing
TB is airborne, which means you can become infected with Micobacterium tuberculosis after
breathing air exhaled by someone with tuberculosis. This can be air from:
coughing
sneezing
laughing
singing
3. Symptoms of tuberculosis (tuberculosis)

Symptoms of tuberculosis (tuberculosis) that appear can include:

Cough that lasts a long time (3 weeks or more), usually accompanied by phlegm.
-Cough blood.
- Sweating at night.
-Weight loss.
-Fever and chills.
-Drown.
- Chest pain when breathing in or coughing.
-No appetite.
-Drown.
The following are examples of symptoms that arise due to TB disease outside the lungs, according to the affected
organs:
Swollen lymph nodes when exposed to tuberculosis.
-Blooded urine in renal tuberculosis.
-Back pain in tuberculosis of the spine.
- Stomach pain if you have intestinal tuberculosis.
-Headaches and seizures when exposed to tuberculosis in the brain.
4. TREATMENT PULMONARY TB
It's important to get latent TB treatment even if you don't have symptoms. You can
still develop pulmonary tuberculosis in the future. You may only need one TB medicine if
you have latent TB.
If you have pulmonary TB, your doctor may prescribe several medications. You will
need to take this medication for six months or longer for best results.
The most common TB drugs are:
• Isoniazid
• Pyrazinamide
• Ethambutol (Myambutol)
• Rifampin (Rifadin)
Your doctor may recommend an approach called direct observation therapy (DOT) to
ensure that you complete your treatment. Stopping treatment or skipping doses can make
pulmonary TB resistant to drugs, leading to MDR-TB.
5. Prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis

One of the steps to prevent tuberculosis (tuberculosis) is to receive the BCG vaccine (Bacillus
Calmette-Guerin). In Indonesia, this vaccine is included in the list of mandatory immunizations and
is given before the baby is 2 months old. For those who have never received the BCG vaccine, it is
recommended to do the vaccine if there is a family member who has TB.
TB can also be prevented in a simple way, namely wearing a mask when in crowded places and
when interacting with TB sufferers, and washing your hands frequently.
Even though they have received treatment, in the initial months of treatment (usually 2 months),
TB sufferers can still transmit the disease. If you have tuberculosis, the steps below are very useful
for preventing transmission, especially to people who live with you:
1. Cover mouth when sneezing, coughing and laughing, or wear. If you use a tissue to cover your
mouth, throw it away immediately after use.
2. Do not throw phlegm or spit carelessly.
3. Make sure the house has good air circulation, for example by opening doors and windows
frequently so that fresh air and sunlight can enter.
4. Do not sleep in the same room as other people, until the doctor states that the TB you are suffering
from is no longer contagious.
6. Supporting examination of pulmonary tuberculosis

Diagnosis and investigation

1. Do a physical exam to check for fluid in your lungs
2. Ask about your medical history
3. Schedule a chest x-ray
4. Medical tests to confirm pulmonary TB
5. Conduct a strong cough and expel phlegm and then send the sample to the laboratory. to
identify TB bacteria.
6. CT scan
7. bronchoscopy
8. Thoracentesis
9. Lung biopsy
In addition to this test, a doctor can also “culture” a sputum sample. This means they take a
portion of the sputum sample and put it in a special material that makes TB bacteria grow.
If TB bacteria grow, this is a positive culture.
7. Risk Factor for Pulmonary tuberculosis

Risk factors
Risk factors that affect the incidence rate of TB include BMI, education level,
history of BCG immunization, history of contact with TB sufferers, ventilation,
occupancy density, water sources and history of smoking.