ENGLISH COMPOSITION II

ENGLISH COMPOSITION I
Week 10 - SUMMARY
WEEK 7
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the session students will be able to:

-Discuss ways to explain why or how some events happen, and what results
from those events.
-Define and understand the nature of a cause and effect essay.
- Analyze ways to build the essay thesis statement and its outline.
- Write the outline for a cause effect essay- considering two major points.
- Take into consideration the MLA conventions when writing a cause-effect
essay.
PROFESSIONAL LEARNING OUTCOME:
As a professional, you will be able to critically analyze global situations to determine their
causes or effects, and express cause-effect ideas effectively. You will also interact with
peers to reach consensus on the analysis of causes and effects.

VIRTUAL CAMPUS FURTHER PRACTICE MATERIAL: Power Point Presentation summary +

weblinks for language use + worksheet and key

REFERENCES
M Libraries: Cause-Effect Essays
https://open.lib.umn.edu/writingforsuccess/

MajorTest.com: cause-effects essays for college

https://www.majortests.com/topics/Cause-and-Effect-Essay-Examples-for-College.html
.
CAUSES AND EFFECTS ARE EVERYWHERE !
Identifying Causes and Effects Tasks 1, 2 & 3.
 CAUSE & EFFECT ESSAY
It is a kind of essay in which the aim is to
explain the causes (reasons) or the effects
(results) of an event or situation.

A cause-effect essay can do one of two things:

•  It can analyze the ways in which one or more effects result from a particular cause.
(Focus-on-Effects Method)
•  It can analyze the ways in which one or more causes lead to a particular effect. (Focus-
on-Causes Method)
CAUSE AND EFFECT
CASES

Case 1
Many Causes-One Effect
    -cause 1
-cause 2 One effect
-cause 3
-cause n
Example:
Causes of bankruptcy (multiple factors leading to it).

Now, you come up with other examples! 

CAUSE AND EFFECT CASES

Case 2
One Cause-Many Effects

effect 1
effect 2
One cause effect 3
effect n

Example: Effects of training workers (many effects of a situation).

Your turn: come up with other examples.
 Domino Effect or Causal Chain

Sometimes an event causes something to happen, and that situation

leads to another event, and it causes another event to happen.

This is called the CAUSAL CHAIN or DOMINO EFFECT.

Example: Use of deodorants will bring the end of the world.

The term domino effect stems from a political idea formed by an American journalist named
Joseph Alsop which he called the falling domino theory. This idea states that once communism is
allowed to take over a country, other small countries around it are more likely to become
communist. 
APPLYING THE WRITING PROCESS
FOR A CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY
FORUM Pre-Writing: CLUSTERING

Cell phone
obsession

causes effects

- Need for communication - over texting

Your ideas here Your ideas here
- -
- -
- -
Complete the graph with more ideas
 Producing an Outline:
Causes
I. Introduction: 3GIs_____________________________ Hook:______________________________
Thesis Statement: Even though there are many adults who are not dependent on cell phones, from my point of
view, young people have become extremely dependent on cellphones because they are convenient, because of
peer pressure, and because of the increase in globalization.
II. Body
A. TS: Cellphones are convenient for instant communication.
1. SI 1: They provide easy contact to near and remote places.
a) b) c) C. TS: In the globalized world of today, you must be
2. SI 2: Most of them have a variety of fun functions. connected to survive.

a) b) c) 1. SI 1: We have to catch up with a fast life.

3. SI 3: Access is appropriate in case of emergencies a) b) c)
a) b) c) 2. SI 2 : The new generation must be competitive.
Restatement a) b) c)
B. TS: There is a peer pressure to modernize. 3. SI 3: We must be connected to the world
1. SI 1: Everyone wants to have the latest version. economics
a) b) c) a) b) c)
2. SI 2: Young people do not want to be looked down. Restatement
a) b) c) III. Conclusion: There are many reasons why people
3. SI 3: New technology is on fashion. become extremely dependent on cellphones.
a) b) c) Summary of ideas/Final comments
Restatement
 Producing an Outline:
Effects
I. Introduction
-General ideas - Hook
-Thesis Statement: Even when the overuse of cell phones have some advantages, it also produces negative effects
such as isolation, procrastination and deadly accidents. It is not a good
idea to mix
II. Body several causes
A. TS: It produces isolation from immediate surroundings. C. TS: Being distracted on the phone can
produce from simple typing mistakes to
and several
1. SI 1: People spend a lot of time on the phone and neglect their homes.
a) detail: average of 6 hours/day b) c) deadly accidents. effects in an
2. SI 2: There is a lack of participation in classes everywhere. 1. SI 1: Texting while driving can cause an essay because
a) Out of 20 students, 18 are looking at the phone in class. (Mayer, 2019) accident. your focus may
b) c) a) Example: fender benders accidents
are more frequent now. b) c) become unclear.
Concluding Sentence
2. SI 2:
B. TS: Procrastination is more common. a) b) c)
1. SI 1: Activities, duties, appointments are usually postponed. Concluding sentence
a) b) c)
2. SI 2: Homework is not done or turned incomplete. III. Conclusion:
a) b) c) TH ST Restatement
Concluding sentence Summary od ideas
Final comments
 OUTLINE FOR A FOUR – PARAGRAPH ESSAY
TITLE: ____________________ 
I. INTRODUCTION
Introductory statements: GI 1, GI 2, GI 3
Hook
Thesis statement: ____________________

II. BODY III. CONCLUSION

A. First Body Paragraph – Topic Sentence: ____________________ Paraphrasing of Th St: ___________________
1. First Supporting Sentence ____________________ Summary of main ideas: _________________
a. Detail b. Explanation c. Example Closing statement: ______________________
2. Second Supporting Sentence ____________________
a. Detail b. Explanation c. Example
3. Third Supporting Sentence ____________________
a. Detail b. Explanation c. Example
CS.___________________________________

B. Second Body Paragraph - Topic Sentence____________________

1. First Supporting Sentence ____________________
a. Detail b. Explanation c. Example
2. Second Supporting Sentence ____________________
a. Detail b. Explanation c. Example
3. Third Supporting Sentence ____________________
a. Detail b. Explanation c. Example
CS. _______________________________________________
METACOGNITION
GRACIAS
THANK YOU

Contenido elaborado en:

por EC II Team