Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Examples of Proposition:
1. Delhi is the capital of India.
2. Delhi is not the capital of India.
3. 1-1=0.
Examples Continued…
4. 2=5
5. I am fine.
6. Today is the raining day.
7. Dr. Pankaj is a Mathematics teacher.
Examples of Not Propositions
1. y-1=0.
(It is True for y=1 and False for y=2)
2. x+y=z.
(It is True for x=1, y=1, z=2 and False for x=1,
y=1, z=5)
3. What is the answer? (It is a question, not the
Information)
Mixed Examples
1. Read the statement carefully. (It is an instruction, not
information, so not proposition)
2. Please tell me some information. (It is a request, not
information, so not proposition)
3. You should work hard to pass the exam. (It is an
advice, not information, so not proposition)
4. Mr. A and Mr. B are not friends. (proposition)
5. Today is Sunday. (proposition)
Time for Polls
Question:
Are you able to understand the Proposition?
Options:
A. Yes
B. No
Time for Puzzle
Question: Which of the following statements is a
proposition?
• The set A={(x,y): x^2+y^2=1, x,y real numbers}
is equation of circle.
• Always be careful
• x+y+1=0, x,y integers, is linear equation.
Important Points
p q p^q
T T T
T F F
F T F
F F F
Example
Example: Let the two propositions are
p: Delhi is the capital of India. (True)
q: 2+2=4 (True)
Then p^q is true statement because p and q
both statements are true.
Example Continued…
Example: Let the two propositions are
p: Delhi is the capital of India. (True)
q: 2=5 (False)
Then p^q is false statement because p and q
both statements are not true.
Example Continued…
Example: Let the two propositions are
p: Punjab is the capital of India. (False)
q: 2=5 (False)
Then p^q is false statement because p and q
both statements are not true.
Puzzle
Question 1: The proposition p^q is true or false:
p: 3 is a prime number.
q: 2 is an even number.
p q pvq
T T T
T F T
F T T
F F F
Example
Example: Let the two propositions are
p: Delhi is the capital of India. (True)
q: 2+2 ≠4 (False)
Then pvq is true statement because p and q
both statements are not false.
Example Continued…
Example: Let the two propositions are
p: Delhi is not the capital of India. (False)
q: 2=5 (False)
Then pvq is false statement because p and q
both statements are false.
Puzzle
Question 1: The proposition pvq is true or false:
p: 3 is a prime number.
q: 2 is an even number.
T T F
T F T
F T T
F F F
Examples
Example 1: Let the two propositions are
p: 2 is smallest prime. (True)
q: 2+2 ≠4 (False)
Then p⨁q is true statement because exactly
one proposition p true.
Example 2: Let the third proposition is
r: 2+2=4 (True)
Then p⨁q is false; p⨁q is false, statement
because more than one statement is true.
Example Continued…
Example: Let the two propositions are
p: 2 is smallest prime. (True)
q: 2+2=4 (True)
Then p⨁q is false statement because more than
one statement is true.
Puzzle
Question 1: Check whether the proposition
p⨁q is true or false if
p: 3 is a prime number.
q: 2 is an even number.
p q p→q
T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T
Puzzle
Question 1: Check whether the proposition
p → q is true or false if
p: 3 is a prime number.
q: 2 is an even number.
T T F T
T F T T
F T F T
F F T F
Example of Unless
Example: Let the two propositions are
p: I will go out side for playing.
q: it is raining.
Then p unless q is the proposition
p q q→ p
T T T
T F T
F T F
F F T
Truth table for Inverse (-p→-q)
p q -p -q -p→-q
T T F F T
T F F T T
F T T F F
F F T T T
Truth table for Contrapositive (-q→-p)
p q -q -p -q→-p
T T F F T
T F T F F
F T F T T
F F T T T
Example
Example: Let the two propositions are
p: 1 is the smallest prime. (False)
q: 2+2 =4 (True)
Then converse is false as q →p has the false truth value.
And the inverse is calculated as:
Since p is false which implies –p is true and similarly q is
true hence –q is false. Finally we get inverse -p →q is
false.
And the contrapositive is true.
Puzzle
Question 1: Check whether the proposition
contrapositive is true or false if
p: 3 is a prime number.
q: 1 is an even number.