Analysis of Structures

ANALYSIS OF
STRUCTURES
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CSU CARIG - College of Engineering
ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES
There are many kinds of structure. This section will limit to those that are
pin-connected. Two types of pin-connected structures will be covered here;
pin-connected trusses and pin-connected frames. In the actual
structure, the joints may be welded, riveted, or bolted to a gusset plate at
the joint. However as long as the center-line of the member coincide at the
joint, the assumption of a pinned joint maybe used.

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elf-disciplined U niversally adept Mission: CSU is committed to transform the lives of people and communities through high quality instruction and innovative research, development, production and extension. FLUID MECHANICS
ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE TRUSSES

An ideal truss is a structure which is composed completely of axial
members that are assumed to be weightless. Members are
connected by pinned joints, forming triangular substructures within
the main structure and with the external loads applied only at the
joints.

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In real trusses, of course, the members have weight, but it is often much
less than the applied load and may be neglected with little error.
Sometimes, the weight maybe included by dividing the weight in half and
allowing half the weight to act at each end of the member.
Our primary interest is to know the forces acting in the bars and upon the
pins of the structure. Each member of the truss is either in tension or
compression. A member in tension causes forces which pull away from its
end joints whereas a member in compression causes forces which push
towards the end joints.

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Zero-force members

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METHOD OF JOINTS
The free-body diagram of any joint is a concurrent force system in which
the summation of moment will be of no help. Recall that only two
equilibrium equations can be written
This means that to solve completely for the forces acting on a joint, we
must select a joint with no more than two unknown forces involved. This
can be started by selecting a joint acted on by only two members. We can
assume any unknown member to be either tension or compression. If
negative value is obtained, this means that the force is opposite in action to
that of the assumed direction. Once the forces in one joint are determined,
their effects on adjacent joints are known. We then continue solving on
successive joints until all members have been found.
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Find the force acting in all members of the truss shown in Figure T-01.
ΣMD=0
3AV+50(1)=80(0.75)
AV=3.33 KN
ΣFH=0
AH=80 kN
ΣFv=0
RD=50+AV
RD=50+3.33
RD=53.33 KN

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At joint A At joint B
ΣFV=0 ΣFH=0 ΣFH=0 ΣFV=0
FAB=3.33 FAE+ FAB=80 FBC= FAB FBE= FAB
FAB=5.56 kN tension FAE+ (5.56)=80 FBC= (5.56) FBE= (5.56)
FAE=75.56 kN tension FBC=4.45 kN tension FBE=3.34 kN compression
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Competent S
At joint E At joint F
ΣFV=0 ΣFH=0 ΣFV=0 ΣFH=0
FCE=FAE FFE+ FCE=FAE FCF=50 kN tension FDF=FFE
FCE=3.34 FFE+ (5.57)=75.56 FDF=71.11 kN tension
FCE=5.57 kN tension FFE=71.11 kN tension
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Competent S
FAB=5.56 kN tension FDF=71.11 kN tension

At joint C
FAE=75.56 kN tension FFE=71.11 kN tension
ΣFH=0
FBC=4.45 kN tension
FCD+ FCE+FBC=80
FBE=3.34 kN compression
FCD+ (5.57)+4.45=80
FCD=88.87 kN compression
FCD=88.87 kN compression
FCE=5.57 kN tension
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FCF=50 kN tension
Competent S
Determine the forces in the members of the roof truss shown in Fig. P-404.
ΣMD=0
2xRA=450x
RA=225N
ΣFV=0
RA +VD=450sin30∘+450N
225 +VD=450sin30∘+450N
VD=450N
ΣFH=0
HD=450cos30∘=389.71N
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At joint A At joint C At joint B

ΣFV=0 ΣFH=0 ΣFV=0 ΣFH=0
FABsin30∘=225 FAC=FABcos30∘=450cos30∘ FBC=450N FBDcos30∘=450cos30∘+450cos30∘
FAB=450N FAC=389.71N FBD=900N
ΣFH=0
FCD=389.71N 12

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SUMMARY
AB = 450 N compression
AC = 389.71 N tension
BC = 450 N tension
BD = 900 N compression
CD = 389.71 N tension
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METHOD OF SECTIONS
In this method, we will cut the truss into two sections by passing a cutting plane
through the members whose internal forces we wish to determine. This method
permits us to solve directly any member by analyzing the left or the right section of
the cutting plane.
To remain each section in equilibrium, the cut members will be replaced by forces
equivalent to the internal load transmitted to the members. Each section may
constitute of non-concurrent force system from which three equilibrium equations
can be written.
Because we can only solve up to three unknowns, it is important not to cut more than
three members of the truss. Depending on the type of truss and which members to
solve, one may have to repeat Method of Sections more than once to determine all
the desired forces. 14

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From the truss in Fig. T-01, determine the force in mebers BC, CE, and EF.
ΣMA=0
3RD=50(2)+80(0.75)
RD=53.33 kN
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ΣMC=0
0.75FEF=1(RD)
0.75FEF=53.33
FEF=71.11 kN tension answer
ΣFV=0
FCE+50=RD
FCE+50=53.33
From the FBD of the section through a-a FCE=5.55 kN tension answer
ΣME=0
0.75FBC+2RD=0.75(80)+1(50)
0.75FBC+2(53.33)=60+50
FBC=4.45 kN tension answer
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The roof truss shown in Fig. T-03 is pinned at point A, and supported by a roller at
point H. Determine the force in member DG.
ΣMA=0
8RH=2(55)+4(90)+6(45)
RH=92.5 kN 17

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From section to the right of a-a

=
2.5x+5=1.5x+6
x=1 m
ΣMO=0
(x+2)(FDG)+xRH=(x+2)(45)
(1+2)(FDG)+1(92.5)=(1+2)(45)
FDG+92.5=135
FDG=42.5
FDG=18.14 kN tension answer
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The structure shown in Figure

T-07 is pinned to the floor at A
and H. Find the force in
member BF.
From section above a-a

ΣFH=0
FBF=80
FBF=128.06 kN tension answer
19

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Analysis of Structures

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ANALYSIS OF

Vision: Transforming lives by educating for the best.

Vision: Transforming lives by educating for the best.

ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE TRUSSES

Vision: Transforming lives by educating for the best.

Vision: Transforming lives by educating for the best.

Vision: Transforming lives by educating for the best.

Vision: Transforming lives by educating for the best.

Vision: Transforming lives by educating for the best.

Vision: Transforming lives by educating for the best.

Vision: Transforming lives by educating for the best.

FAB=5.56 kN tension FDF=71.11 kN tension

Vision: Transforming lives by educating for the best.

At joint A At joint C At joint B

Vision: Transforming lives by educating for the best.

Vision: Transforming lives by educating for the best.

Vision: Transforming lives by educating for the best.

Vision: Transforming lives by educating for the best.

Vision: Transforming lives by educating for the best.

Vision: Transforming lives by educating for the best.

From section to the right of a-a

Vision: Transforming lives by educating for the best.

The structure shown in Figure

From section above a-a

Vision: Transforming lives by educating for the best.

“One roadblock almost never ruins you.

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