MATHEMATICAL

REASONING
INDUCTIVE REASONING
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
MATHEMATICAL REASONING
 It refers to the ability of a person to analyze problem situations and construct
logical arguments to justify his process or hypothesis, to create both conceptual
foundations and connections, in order for him to be able to process available
information.
TYPES OF MATHEMATICAL
REASONING
INDUCTIVE VS DEDUCTIVE

INDUCTIVE REASONING

DEDUCTIVE REASONING
INDUCTIVE REASONING
 It is the process of reaching a general conclusion by examining specific examples.
The conclusion formed by using inductive reasoning is often called a
CONJECTURE.
 From Specific to General.
EXAMPLES OF INDUCTIVE
REASONING
1. Use of inductive reasoning to predict the next number in each of the following
lists.
a. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, ___, ___, ____?
b. 3/5, 5/7, 7/9, 9/11, 11/13, 13/15, ____, ____, ____?
c. 2, 7, -3, 2, -8, -3, -13, -8, -18, ____, ____, ____?
d. 4, 8, 12, 16, ____, ____, ____?
e. 5, 10, 15, 20, ____, ____, ____?
f. 1, ½ , ¼, 1/8, ____, ____, ____?
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
 It is the process of reaching a conclusion by applying general assumptions,
procedures or principles.
 From General to Specific.
EXAMPLES OF DEDUCTIVE
REASONING
1. All Filipino heroes are brave,
Andres Bonifacio is a Filipino Hero.
Therefore, Andres Bonifacio is brave.

2. If a number is divisible by 2, then it must be even.

12 is divisible by 2.
Therefore, 12 is an even number.
EXAMPLES OF DEDUCTIVE
REASONING
3. All math teachers know how to play Sudoku.
Resty is a Math teacher.
Therefore, Resty knows how to play Sudoku.

4. If a student is a DOST Scholar, he receives a monthly allowance.

If a student receives a monthly allowance, his/her parents will be happy.
Therefore, if a student is a DOST Scholar, his/her parents will be happy.
COUNTEREXAMPLES

 A statement is a true statement provided that it is true in all cases. If you can find
one case for which a statement is not true, called a COUNTEREXAMPLE, then
the statement is a false statement.
Examples:
1. x^2 > x
2. x/x = 1
3. |x| > 0
DISCOVERY LEARNING

 Discovery learning is inductive reasoning supported by intuition. It is a type of

learning, in which one considers a number of related cases and then makes
generalization of these cases.
 The differing approaches to learning offered by inductive and deductive reasoning
reveal the morphing patterns of learning displayed by students as they mature
Kids, in general, learn by making generalizations of events as they experience
them one at a time. For example, they discover that angles of a triangle make a
straight line by cutting out the angles of each triangle, and aligning their vertices.
The three angles when aligned this way form a straight line.