MIDDLE CHILDHOOD

GROUP 1 PRESENTERS
 DEFINITION AND BASIC
CONCEPT
Middle childhood;
Middle childhood is in the middle of stages Early childhood and
Adolescence. Where Children at the ages of 6 to 12 years old
are considered to be in their middle childhood.
Middle childhood also called as the “Golden Age” of childhood
when the children begin to build foundational or basic abilities for
the development of a healthy social relationships. According to
Healthy People (2020).
In addition; base on Monitoba (a website) children in middle
childhood transition into new rules and situations.
Children begin to spend more time away from home, attending
school and other activities.
Children also begin to form their own identities as they gain
more experience with the world around them.
 DEFINITION AND BASIC
CONCEPT
Children in this age (6to12) group are entering the
‘age of reason’ because they begin to:
*be more flexible in their thinking.
*develop self-awareness, and
*identify and understand others ‘feelings or
emotions’
During middle childhood, children work towards four
important milestones, including;
(i) Adjusting to school
(ii) Achieving new academic skills such as learning
to read.
(iii) Learning to get along with peers; and
(iv) Learning the rules of our culture or society.
 PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS IN
•
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
Physical growth rates are generally slow and steady during
these years. However, growth spurts do occur during the
middle to late childhood.
• As bones lengthen and broaden and muscles strengthen, many
children want to engage in strenuous physical activity and can
participate for longer periods of time.
• During this stage, children show significant improvement in
their abilities to perform gross and fine motor skills.
 PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS IN
MIDDLE Some
CHILDHOOD
physical health risks

• Vision and Hearing- The most common vision problem in

middle childhood is being nearsighted, otherwise known as
myopia. Numerous ear infection may also develop during
middle childhood.
• Dental Health- Children in middle childhood will start or
continue to lose teeth.
• Diabetes in Childhood- Diabetes in children and adolescents
was thought of almost exclusively as type 1, but that thinking
has evolved.
• Asthma- Childhood asthma that is unmanaged may make it
difficult for children to develop to their fullest potential.
 COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
The mental (cognitive) changes children undergo
during the middle childhood era are often more
pronounced and noticeable than their physical
changes. Children's ability to consciously, thoughtfully
and pro-actively choose to pursue goals (instead of
simply reacting to the environment) appears during
this developmental period. In addition, children's
thinking style gradually becomes more logical,
organized, and flexible as they enter Piaget's "Concrete
Operational" thinking stage.

-Concrete Operational Thought

 COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
From ages 7 to 11, children are in what Piaget referred
to as the concrete operational stage of cognitive
development (Crain, 2005). This involves mastering the
use of logic in concrete ways. The word concrete refers
to that which is tangible; that which can be seen,
touched or experienced directly. The concrete
operational child is able to make use of logical
principles in solving problems involving the physical
world.
 COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
We will now explore some of the major abilities that
the concrete child exhibits.

1.Classification
2.Identity
3.Reversibility
4.Conservation
5.Decentration
6.Seriation
 COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY

Information processing theory is a classic theory of

memory that compares the way in which the mind
works to computer storing, processing and retrieving
information.

There are three levels of memory:

1.Sensory register
2.Working memory
3.Knowledge base
 COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
They develop METACOGNITION (awareness and understanding of
one's own thought processes; knowing about knowing) and the
ability to understand the best way to figure out a problem.

METAMEMORY, an element of metacognition, also improves.

Metamemory, an awareness and knowledge of memory, is
critical to school success. Absent metacognition and
metamemory, how can you learn material that requires
purposeful and thoughtful processing? In addition, children in
this stage learn new tools and strategies to assist them in
learning and remembering. (such as “I before e except after c” so
they know that “receive” is correct but “receive” is not.)
 SOCIAL
CHARACTERISTICS
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
During middle childhood, children are likely to show
more independence from their parents and family,
think more about the future, understand more
about their place in the world, pay more attention
to friendships, and want to be accepted by their
peers
 SOCIAL
CHARACTERISTICS
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
WHAT DO YOU THINK ARE THE COMMON SOCIAL CHARACTERISTIC OF
A TEENAGER?
PEER GROUP INFLUENCE
Peers have a greater influence on the attitudes, speeches, interests,
appearance, and behavior of adolescents.
Being recognized as a popular member of a peer group is an important
adolescent need.
 SOCIAL
CHARACTERISTICS
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
WHAT DO YOU THINK ARE THE COMMON SOCIAL CHARACTERISTIC OF
A TEENAGER?
PEER GROUP INFLUENCE
Peers have a greater influence on the attitudes, speeches, interests,
appearance, and behavior of adolescents.
Being recognized as a popular member of a peer group is an important
adolescent need.
 SOCIAL
CHARACTERISTICS
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
CHANGES IN SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
The grater the social participation of adolescents, the grater their
social competency, as their social skills and abilities develop.

Clothing Styles
Subcultures
Music
Art or Friendship Groups
 SOCIAL
CHARACTERISTICS
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
INFLUENCE OF MEDIA
Media becomes a very powerful source of influence in this stage,
especially music and television. These provide adolescents with role
models like film heroes, great athletes, etc., whom they try to emulate.
Such models help the adolescents realize their fantasies and dreams.
 SOCIAL
CHARACTERISTICS
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
BODY CONSCIOUS
Body image becomes a very important concern for the adolescents.
Having an appropriate figure in fact, is almost a teenage obsession.
Unhealthy teenage body image is directly related to low self-esteem,
which can lead to negative moods and mood swings.
 During middle childhood, children make
great strides in terms of their ability to
EMOTIONAL recognize emotions in themselves and
others, control their own emotions, and
CHARACTERISTICS communicate about emotions, both
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD expressively and with language. By this
age, most children have developed their
capacity for regulating their own
emotions.
As children move into middle childhood,
they begin to see themselves into more
complex ways.
 Changes in gender identity and ethnic
identity occur, and self esteem becomes
more realistic than it was in early childhood.
During middle and late childhood, stable
self-concepts based on the child’s typical
EMOTIONAL emotional experiences emerge. With the
CHARACTERISTICS increased capacity for self-reflection,
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD children gain an understanding of their self-
conscious emotions. As a result, the
consistent experience of patterns of self-
conscious emotions has an impact on the
child’s self-concept. For example, the
tendency to experience shame rather than
guilt in response to negative transgressions
affects the child’s emergent self-esteem and
EMOTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
Changes in gender identity and ethnic identity occur, and self
esteem becomes more realistic than it was in early childhood.
During middle and late childhood, stable self-concepts based
on the child’s typical emotional experiences emerge. With the
increased capacity for self-reflection, children gain an
understanding of their self-conscious emotions. As a result, the
consistent experience of patterns of self-conscious emotions
has an impact on the child’s self-concept. For example, the
tendency to experience shame rather than guilt in response to
negative transgressions affects the child’s emergent self-
esteem and may encourage a tendency to respond with
aggression or violence.
Class
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CHAPTER
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 EDUCATI
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THANK YOU
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