1.3.

1 Standard
Vibration Analysis
Team 2
• Bizarro Ahedo Juan Raúl
• Cendejas Sánchez Jesús Alberto
• Franco Almanza Alejandro
• Vaca Márquez Esteban

Técnicas avanzadas del mantenimiento

July 29th 2022

Vibration:
a vibration can be considered as the oscillation or the repetitive movement of an
object around an equilibrium position.
Reasons to apply vibration analysis applied to maintenance
Vibration analysis is the only known method capable of anticipating failures and also
detect the root cause that produces it.
Reasons why it is important to carry out vibration analysis
for predictive maintenance

A. Economic reasons.

• Direct costs
• Indirect costs
• Insurance
B. Safety reasons.

C. Environmental reasons.

D. Quality reasons.
 Importance vibration analyst in predictive maintenance.

The role of a vibration analyst is has some equipment information from measured
data (pressure, temperature, current, voltage, etc.), together with the spectral data
obtained after analysis by vibration, and based on all this knowledge we proceed to
diagnose what the problem is and what has could be the cause.
 To obtain quality data, these must be they have certain characteristics such as:

• Precision: Indicates how much the measured data deviates from the actual value.
The goal would be to acquire data. Within a reasonable range of accuracy, since the
higher the accuracy, the greater the cost of measuring instruments.

• Repeatability: It is the ability of the equipment to give the same measured value
over and over again for the measurement of the same phenomenon under
identical conditions.

• Instrumentation: All measuring instruments have a range in which measurements

that can be obtained are related to reality, what is sought is what the measuring
instruments are within their linear range.
The Fourier Transform.

Vibration is always, as already mentioned, a sum of waves, then a signal the composite
is a sum of several sinusoidal signals comprising each of the components found in the
machine plus all random shocks and vibrations corresponding to other neighboring
machines.
 Fault detection and diagnosis through vibration analysis.

In this section we will see the most typical failures that occur in the pumping groups
(pump motor assembly) that can be diagnosed with the spectral analysis of vibrations.
Every failure carries with it a characteristic spectrum that will be essential to evaluate
a diagnosis of the machine.
Fault detection using standard vibration analysis helps us detect faults of
mechanical, electrical and hydraulic origin.

• In the most common failures • In faults of hydraulic origin are:

of mechanical origin: 1 drive-related vibration
1 imbalance 2 cavitation
2 misalignment
3 holes
4 bent axles
5 rubbing on the rotor • Faults of electrical origin:
6 cracks in the shaft 1 faulty rotor
7 lubrication 2 eccentric rotor
3 stator defects
Vibration Measurement Tools.

The vibrometer as a vibration analyzer

The Vibrometer is a measuring instrument that is
used to measure the magnitudes that
characterize the occurrence of vibrations. This
equipment is very useful for predictive
maintenance, being the vibration analyzer by
default. Among the types of vibrometers
available we have:
• Differential Vibrometer – Measures changes
in velocity between two locations on the
target.
Where to put the vibration sensor?

The place on the machine where the vibration sensor will be placed in one or more
orientations or directions is called the measurement point.
Rules for selecting the measurement point:

1. The measurement point must be accessible and

the operator's safety must be guaranteed. Avoid
exposure to rotating parts and high
temperatures.
2. The sensor should be placed as close as possible
to the bearing or bearing.
3. The measurement point must be accessible at all
times and identifiable to ensure repeatability.
4. The measurement point must have a suitable
surface to temporarily place the sensor.
5. Do not measure on covers, lids, moving parts,
rotating shafts or on thermal insulation.
6. Name or number the points clearly and
intuitively and place them on the route in the
direction of energy transmission
Criteria for evaluating the change in vibration magnitude II

This criterion is ideal when you have information on the plant equipment, in the form
of characteristic vibration of the same, and of the values ​that normally reach so that
the standard adapts to the specific reality of the plant to be analyzed.
It is established as an alarm criterion when the change in the vibration level is at least
the 25% of the limit of zone B/C, regardless of whether these changes are increasing
or decreasing. East 25% is given as a recommendation for a representative change in
vibration magnitude
Bibliografía

Cortés, F. 1996. Análisis de vibraciones. Mantenimiento. 92. Marzo.

Rafael López Lita, Francisco José Fernández Beltrán, María Ángeles Durán Mañés. Mantenimiento Mecánico de
Máquinas. Universitat Jaume I, 2006. 8480215860, 9788480215862.

Manés Fernández Cabanas, Manuel García Melero. Técnicas para el diagnóstico de Máquinas Eléctricas Rotativas.
Marcombo, 1998. 8426711669, 9788426711663.

https://goaiberica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/MANUAL-VIBRACIONES-MECANICAS-2016.pdf

https://power-mi.com/es/blog/d%C3%B3nde-colocar-el-sensor-de-vibraciones