RESPONSIV

E WRITING

SITI KARIAH
NIM. 530081611

S SS
WHAT IS RESPONSIVE WRITING?

• Responsive writing task are concerned with macro skills of writing, which deal
more with meaning that with form
• You state your own ideas, opinions, connections, comparisons, insights about a
text
• Differs from summary, which restates what the text said
• Brown and Abeywickrama (2010: 276-277) mention that responsive writing
includes paraphrasing task, guided question-and-answer task, and paragraph
construction task.
WHY IS RESPONSIVE WRITING VALUABLE ?

• Synthesis with other texts

• Drives deeper understanding
• Deeply digest a text’s meaning
• Explore the text in relation to yourself
• Conversation with the text
• Prewriting
DESIGNING ASSESSMENT TASKS:
(BROWN AND ABEYWICKRAMA (2010: 276-277))

• Paraphrasing task
• Guided question-and-answer task
• Paragraph construction task.
 PARAPHRASING TASK

•The initial step in teaching paraphrasing is to ensure that learners understand the importance of
paraphrasing: to say something in ones own words, to avoid plagiarizing, to offer some variety
in expression.
•There are two ways for quoting :
1. Direct:
Brown and Abeywickrama (2010) state that paraphrasing is “to say something is one’s own
word”.
2. Indirect:
Brown and Abeywickarma (2019) state that paraphrasing is quoting and idea using own
wording.
 GUIDED QUESTION-AND-ANSWER TASK

• In this task, the examinee is assigned to read a long text, and then he/she is asked to rewrite the text from
memory which is guided by series of questions.
• For example, in the writing of a narrative that the teacher has already covered in a class discussion, the
following kinds of questions might be posed to stimulate a sequence of sentences.
Guided Questions:
1. Where did this story take place? (setting)
2. Who were the people in the story? [characters]
3. What happened first? And then? And then? [sequence of events!
4. Why did__________________do__________________? (reasons, causes]
5. What did__________________think about__________________?[opinion]
8. What happened at the end? [climax]
9. What is the moral of this story? [evaluation]
PARAGRAPH CONSTRUCTION TASK.

 A good paragraph usually consists of several sentences. It begins with a

topic sentence, followed by some supporting sentences and ended with a
concluding sentence.
 Oshima and Hogue (1991) and Smalley, Ruetten, and Kozyrev (2001),
present a number of paragraph development types, such as :
- chronology - argument
- description - classification
- example - discussion
- extended definition - cause-effect relationship
- statistic - ascending or descending order
- comparison and contrast
TYPES OF PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT :
 A paragraph which is developed using chronology is characterized by
sequential time and/or events.
 A paragraph which is developed using a description begins with a general
statement as the topic sentence, and is then followed by a series of
descriptions.
 A paragraph which is developed using one or more examples. It begins with a
statement (topic sentence) and is followed by example (s).
 A paragraph which is developed using extended definition. A definition is
usually made in one sentence. When the definition is elaborated with more
details, it is called an extended definition.
 A paragraph which is developed using statistic is when a topic sentence is
supported by data and figures.
 A paragraph which is developed using comparison and/or contrast. In a
paragraph of comparison we describe similarities of two or more objects,
concepts, or ideas, and in a paragraph contrast we describe their differences.
 A paragraph which is developed using argument. This type of paragraph
exposes something with convincing reasons.
 A paragraph which is developed using classification, which simply means
grouping or classifying something.
 A paragraph which is developed using discussion is describing something
from various angles, such as the advantages and disadvantages of thing to
be discussed.
 A paragraph which is developed using cause-effect relationship. This type
of paragraph can present one cause and one effect, one cause and some
effects, some causes and one effect, or one cause producing one effect
which in turn becomes a cause for another effect.
 A paragraph which is developed using ascending or descending order. The
ascending paragraph present a series of things in the order from least
important to the most important, from the smallest to the biggest, etc.
When the order is presented the other way around, it is called a descending
paragraph
SCORING METHODS FOR RESPONSIVE WRITING

Holistic scoring : A single score is assigned to an essay

Primary trait scoring : The achievement of the primary purpose, or trait of
an essay is the only factor rated.
Analytic scoring : The written text is broken down into a number of
subcategories (organization, grammar) and each subcategory gets a
separate rating.
THANK YOU