passive voice

(edilgen çatı)
 Active and passive voice
(etken ve edilgen yapı)
• Active yani etken cümlenin öznesi (yani fiilin
önündeki isim), cümledeki eylemi
gerçekleştirendir.

• Ali broke the window.

• (Ali pencereyi kırdı)
• Passive yani edilgen cümlenin öznesi (yani fiilin
önündeki isim), cümledeki eylemden
etkilenendir; gerçekleştiren değildir.

• The window was broken by Ali.

• (Pencere Ali tarafından kırıldı)
• Passive (edilgen) fiiller, be ve fiilin üçüncü şekliyle yapılır.

• edilgen çatı: be + V3

• (to) be seen (görülmek)

• (to) be written (yazılmak)
• (to) be painted (boyanmak)
• (to) be broken (kırılmak)
• (to) be given (verilmek) 
 Passive tenses
Tenses be V3
Present simple passive The report is written by Ali every day
(am/is/are + V3)
Past simple passive The report was written by Ali yesterday
(was/were + V3)

Present continuous passive The report is being written by Ali now

(am/is/are + being +V3)
Past continuous passive The report was being written by Ali then
(was/were + being +V3)
Present perfect passive The report has been written by Ali already
(have/has + been + V3)
Past perfect passive The report had been written by Ali by then
(had + been + V3)
Will future passive The report will be written by Ali tomorrow
(Will + be + V3)
Going to future passive The report is going to written by Ali this
(am/is/are+going to+be+V3) be evening
 modals
modals modal + be V3

modals (must, The report must be written by Ali today

can, could, can be
should, may, could be
might, will, should be
would, shall, had may be
better, have to, might be
ought to, need to, will be
used to) would be
shall be
had better be
(Modal+ be + V3) has to be
ought to be
need to be
used to be
 Passive cümle yapmak
• 1- passive özneyi başa yazarız.
• 2- Be fiilini tense uygun getiririz.
• 3- Fiilin V3 şeklini getiririz.
• 4- Eylemin kim veya ne tarafından yapıldığını
belirtmek istersek «by + …» ile belirtiriz.
• 5. En son varsa zaman, hal zarfları vb. gelir.

• İstanbul was taken by Fatih in 1453.

• 1 2 3 4 5
• The report is being written by Mr Brown now.
• (Rapor Mr Brown tarafından şimdi yazılıyor)
• The robber was questioned by the police last
week.
• (Soyguncu geçen hafta polis tarafından
sorgulandı)
• Big cars were driven in 1950s.
• (1950’lerde büyük arabalar kullanıldı)

ingilizcebankasi.com
• New flowers were planted by the students last
spring.
• (Geçen bahar yeni çiçekler öğrenciler
tarafından dikildi)
• The cake has been made by my mother.
• (Kek annem tarafından yapıldı)
• The important documents have been put into
the bag.
• (Önemli belgeler çantaya konuldu)
• Panda habitat in China will be lost by the end
of the century.
• (Çindeki panda habitatı bu yüzyılın sonuna
kadar kaybedilecek)
• The car must be oiled before the race.
• (Araba yarıştan önce yağlanmalı)
 Active cümleyi passive yapmak
• 1- Active cümlenin fiilinin nesnesini, yani fiilden sonra gelen ismi
passive cümlenin öznesi olarak başa yazarız.
• 2- be fiilini active cümleyle aynı tense veya yapıya koyarız.
• 3- Fiilin V3 (past participle) şeklini getiririz.
• 4- Active cümlenin öznesi «by+…» ile belirtiriz.
• 5- En son active cümledeki zarfları getiririz.

• The teacher is writing the questions now.

• (Öğretmen şimdi soruları yazıyor)
•  
• The questions are being written by the teacher now.
• (Sorular şimdi yazılıyor. )
 Omitting by phrase
• Passive cümlede işin kim/ne tarafından
yapıldığını by ile ifade ederiz. Eğer özne
someone, he, they vb. ise ve vurgulanmak
gerekmezse passive cümlede belirtilmez:
• Someone stole my car last night.
• (Birisi dün gece arabamı çaldı)
• My car was stolen (by someone) last night.
• (Dün gece arabam birisi tarafından çalındı. Bu
cümlede by someone yazılması gereksizdir)
 Present simple passive :
( am / is / are + V3 )

• They grow tea in Rize.

• Tea is grown in Rize.
• John locks the office doors every evening.
• The office doors are locked by John every
evening.
 Past simple passive:
( was / were + V3 )
• Somebody broke into my house last night.
• My house was broken into last night.
• I changed the sheets yesterday.
• The sheets were changed by me yesterday.
 Present continuous passive:
(am / is / are + being + V3 )
•  Helen is writing the report now.
• The report is being written by Helen now.
• People are using credit cards a lot these days.
• Credit cards are being used a lot these days.
 Past continuous passive:
( was / were + being + V3 )
• The police were questioning the thief.
• The thief was being questioned by the police.
 Present perfect simple passive:
( have / has + been + V3 )
• We have painted the wall recently.
• The wall has been painted recently.
• John has read all of the reports today.
• All of the reports have been read by John
today.
 Past perfect simple passive:
( had + been + V3 )
• I had eaten the muffins by the time guests
arrived.
• The muffins had been eaten by the time the
guests arrived.
• John had finished the job by 5.
• The job had been finished by John by 5.
 Future simple (will) passive:
( will + be + V3 )
• Helen will help me tomorrow.
• I will be helped by Helen tomorrow.
 Be going to future passive:
( am/is/are going to + be + V3 )
• The children are going to decorate the school
tomorrow.
• The school is going to be decorated by the
children tomorrow.
 Modals passive:
( modal + be + V3 )
• They can paint the house in two weeks.
• The house can be painted in two weeks.
• People should eat fresh vegetables at meals.
• Fresh vegetables should be eaten at meals.
• They may not inform you.
• You may not be informed.
 Modal perfect passive
(modal + have + been + V3)
• We will have sold ten cars by the end of this
year.
• Ten houses will have been sold by the end of
this year.
• You should have informed the police before.
• The police should have been informed before.
 Get + V3
• “Get + V3” ile edilgen cümle yapılabilir. Bu
yapı çoğu zaman beklenmeyen veya kaza ile
olan şeyler hakkında konuşurken kullanılır.
• Hakan was unlucky. His leg got broken in the
training.
• (Hakan şanssızdı. Antremanda bacağı kırıldı)
• My car got stolen last night.
• (Dün gece arabam çalındı)