Materials Engineering and Processing

ENGD 2105D

Phase Diagram

By: Dr. Abdalellah Mohmmed

 Equilibrium Binary Phase Diagrams

Case 2: Binary Eutectic Systems Melting T

Invariant point decreases
(CE,TE) with A addition
Melting T of A (Liquidus)

Melting T
decreases
L Melting T of B
with B addition
(Liquidus) E
a TE
b Limited solubility
Limited solubility Solidus of A in B: with T
of B in A: with T

(Solvus) (Solvus)
CE

A CaE CbE B
wt% B
 Case 2: Binary Eutectic Systems
Points to note:
(1) 3 single phase fields: a, b, liquid – separated by 3
two-phase field: a+L, b+L, a+b
(2) a phase: solid solution rich in A (with some B):
maximum solubility of B
in a: CaE at TE L
(3) b phase: solid solution a+L E b+L
rich in B (with some A): a T
maximum solubility of A
E
b
in b: CbE at TE
a+b
(4) At point E, with fixed
temp and composition, CE

eutectic reaction occurs A CaE

wt% B
CbE B
 Case 2: Binary Eutectic Systems

Eutectic Reaction:
1) Occurs in alloy with L
composition CE at a constant a+L b+L
emperature TE a TE
(2) The liquid phase transform
b
to two solid phases (a and b) a+b
with fixed composition:
CaE and CbE CE

A CaE CbE B
wt% B

Cooling, TE
L(CE) a (CaE) + b (CbE)
Heating, TE
 Case 2: Binary Eutectic Systems
Examples

Cu-Ag system Pb-Sn system

Eutectic:
Eutectic: 779 C, 71.9 wt%Ag
o 183 o
C, 61.9 wt%Sn
L (71.9%Ag) L (61.9%Sn)
a(8.0%Ag)+b(91.2%Ag) a(18.3%Sn)+b(97.8%Sn)
 Case 2: Binary Eutectic Systems
Examples
At 250oC, what phases
are present in the
following alloys: 250 C
o

Pb-9%Sn: a (9%Sn)

Pb-22%Sn:
a(13%Sn)+
L (33%Sn)
Pb Sn

Pb-Sn System
Pb-50%Sn:
Liquid (50%Sn)
 Case 2: Binary Eutectic Systems
Examples
At 150oC, 40 at%Sn-60 wt%Pb alloy
(a) Phases present: a + b
(b) Phase composition:
Ca=10 wt%Sn
Cb=98 at%Sn
(c) Relative amount
of each phase
Wa= Cb-C1 = 98-40 Ca C1 Cb
Cb-Ca 98-10
Pb Sn
= 0.66
Wb = 0.34
 Equilibrium Binary Phase Diagrams
Case 3: Other Binary phase diagrams

Intermediate solid solutions

 Equilibrium Binary Phase Diagrams

Case 3: Other Binary phase diagrams

Intermetallic
Compound
(vertical line)
 Equilibrium Binary Phase Diagrams

Some general rules: Summary

• Only single phase and two-phase fields are possible
• Two single phase fields are always separated by
a two-phase field
• Three phases can coexist only at certain constant
temperature, e.g. eutectic TE: L+a+b
• Composition and relative amount of phases can be
determined by the tie line and the lever rule