Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Paper Chromatography

    Uploaded by

    Victoria Virgo
    8 views18 pages
    Paper chromatography is a technique used to separate colored mixtures by using the differential rates of movement of substances across a stationary phase (filter paper) and a mobile phase (solvent such as water). It works by placing a sample mixture at the origin of a paper strip and allowing the mobile phase to carry the different components of the mixture up the paper at different speeds based on their relative solubilities and affinities for the paper. The further up the paper a component travels, the more soluble and less tightly bound to the paper it is. Comparison of the distances traveled allows identification of unknown components in a mixture.

    Original Description:

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    Paper chromatography is a technique used to separate colored mixtures by using the differential rates of movement of substances across a stationary phase (filter paper) and a mobile phase (solvent such as water). It works by placing a sample mixture at the origin of a paper strip and allowing the mobile phase to carry the different components of the mixture up the paper at different speeds based on their relative solubilities and affinities for the paper. The further up the paper a component travels, the more soluble and less tightly bound to the paper it is. Comparison of the distances traveled allows identification of unknown components in a mixture.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    8 views18 pages

    Paper Chromatography

    Uploaded by

    Victoria Virgo
    Paper chromatography is a technique used to separate colored mixtures by using the differential rates of movement of substances across a stationary phase (filter paper) and a mobile phase (solvent such as water). It works by placing a sample mixture at the origin of a paper strip and allowing the mobile phase to carry the different components of the mixture up the paper at different speeds based on their relative solubilities and affinities for the paper. The further up the paper a component travels, the more soluble and less tightly bound to the paper it is. Comparison of the distances traveled allows identification of unknown components in a mixture.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 18

    Paper Chromatography

    Separation Techniques Cont’d


    What is paper chromatography?
    What is the stationary phase and
    the mobile phase?
    What properties are used to
    separate the colored components
    in a mixture?
    What is meant by the term
    affinity?
    Wood

    Filter paper

    Beaker

    Spot of dye

    Solvent (water)

    BEFORE AFTER
    How does this technique work?

    A line is drawn on the paper IN


    PENCIL (why?) This line is called the
    ORIGIN/BASELINE .

    A spot of dye is placed in the centre of


    line and the tip of the paper is
    immersed in the water so that the line
    is above the solvent (why is this
    important?)
    How does this technique work?

    As the solvent travels up the paper by


    capillary action, the colours in the dye
    separate as they travel at different speeds.

    The colour that is more soluble will travel


    faster up the paper

    The colour that is less soluble will travel


    slower
    How does this technique work?

    The less soluble the colour, the higher its


    affinity to the paper.

    The more soluble the colour in the solvent,


    the lower its affinity to the paper

    Affinity is how strongly the colour binds to


    the paper
    The results on the paper is
    now called a
    CHROMATOGRAM
    Which colour is more soluble in the solvent?

    Which colour is less soluble?

    Which colour has a higher affinity to the paper?


    Retention Factor

    ❏ The Retention Factor is the ❏ The Retention Factor has no


    ratio of the distance traveled units
    by the dye to the solvent ❏ THE VALUE IS ALWAYS
    front. EQUAL TO OR LESS THAN 1

    ❏ The ratio is written in decimals


    Where the solvent stops is called the
    RETENTION FACTOR (Rf) = solvent front

    distance travelled by colour

    distance travelled by solvent

    Rf yellow colour = ?
    Orange = ?
    Green?
    Dark green?

    istance is always measured from the line of origin


    What is paper chromatography used to separate?

    Coloured substances such as: What solvent is used to


    separate these coloured
    ❏ Food colouring substances?
    ❏ Inks
    ❏ Dyes. ❏ Water - dyes and food coloring
    ❏ Plant pigments (chlorophyll) ❏ Alcohol- for most inks
    The colours in sample X were separated and compared to known substances
    A-D that are banned in the food industry.
    Which dyes are pure substances?
    Which dyes are identical?
    Which dyes are not in sample X?
    Dyes B and C contains are banned substances, based on the chromatogram
    should sample X be consumed?

    You might also like