ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

BY
M.YAMINI
211FA07016
QUESTION:
 Compare the land transformation from 5 years to present. Focus on the ecosystem,
biodiversity prevailed earlier and present. Highlight the reasons for the change.
Ecosystem:
An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals, and
other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble
of life.
Biodiversity:
Biodiversity is all the different kinds of life you'll find in one area.
 Biodiversity is also known as Biological Diversity it is variety of various life.
 Land transformation:The two basic features of land transformation are land
use alteration and intensification.
 Land transformation is changes as deforestation,forest degradation and
increase in population.
Causes of land transformation or land change:
1. Change in population size
2. Demand for fuel food
3. Construction material
4. Soil characteristics
5. Climate change
6. Topograpy
7. Vegetation
8. No crop rate for irrigation
9. Politicak economy
Changes in land transformation by the effect
ecostystem:
 increases in carbon storage, timber production,
food production from increased yields, and >10%
decreases in habitat for 25% of modeled
species. 
 Land degradation affects people
and ecosystems throughout the planet and is
both affected by climate change and contributes
to it.
 Air and water pollution and soil erosion are the
two main issues that occur when large areas on
landscapes get changed for the construction of
roads and railway lines.
 Human Causes of Land-Use Change.
There are different types of land uses: 
1. Residential
2. Commercial
3. Agricultural
4. Transportation
5. Recreational
6. Industrial purpose we can use land.
Mostly we can use
transportation,agricultural,residential,recreational,commercial.
 Before 5 years and present:
 Before 5 years the population is very less so it doesn’t lead to land
transformation.
 As the population is increasing rapidly,the land usage gets increased.
 In present time the population is increased four times increased greatly.
 Land use change them natural system to agricultural or urban environmental
system .
 Industrial wastage systemis dumped into the rivers where many aqatic
animals servive
 Every aspect in the earth is useful
 Eg: soil,water,air…
 Biodiversity and ecosystem service losses driven by land change and move
affluent global population requires more agricultural and forestry products in
global economy leads:
1. It impacts bird diversity
2. Impact of land use change alters bio diversity.
 As compared to past 5 years and present villages are developed and some
going to develop.but failed in saving the environment.