• DIRECT • INDIRECT

• Am, is, are • Was/were

• Shall/will • Should/would
• Can • Could
• May • Might
• Must
• Have/has to • Had to
• Ought to
 CHANGES OF ADVERB OF
TIME & PLACE
• DIRECT • INDIRECT
• NOW • THEN
• TOMORROW • THE FOLLOWING DAY
• NEXT WEEK • THE FOLLOWING WEEK
• TONIGHT • THAT NIGHT
• TODAY • THAT DAY
• YESTERDAY • THE DAY BEFORE
• LAST NIGHT • THE NIGHT BEFORE
• LAST WEEK • THE WEEK BEFORE
• HERE • THERE
• THIS • THAT
• THESE • THOSE
 CHANGES OF TENSES
• DIRECT • INDIRECT
• SIMPLE PRESENT • SIMPLE PAST
• SIMPLE PAST • PAST PERFECT
• PRESENT PERFECT • PAST PERFECT
• PRESENT • PAST CONTINUOUS
CONTINUOUS • PAST PERFECT
• PRESENT PERFECT CONT.
CONT. • PAST FUTURE
• SIMPLE FUTURE
 1. STATEMENT

HE SAID
HE SAID TO ME THAT REPORTED WORDS
HE TOLD ME
 STATEMENT EXAMPLE
• DIRECT • INDIRECT
• They said to me: “we are going to • They said to me that
visit Borobudur tomorrow.” they were going to
visit Borobudur the
following day.
• Jeffry said: “I didn’t go to school
today. • Jeffry said that he
hadn’t gone to school
that day.
• Anne told Agus: “My father got • Anne told Agus that
angry with me last night.
her father had got
angry with her the
night before.
 STATEMENT Exception:
If the introductory sentence is in the Present Tense, there won’t be any changes in
the Reported (Indirect) speech .

• DIRECT • INDIRECT
• Cindy says: “ I will come to your • Cindy says that she
house tonight.” will come to my
house tonight
• Indra says: “I have seen that film • Indra says that he
for twice.” has seen that film
for twice.
• “Dessy says: “I meet my boyfriend • Dessy says that she
every saturday.”
meets her boyfriend
every Saturday.
• Chandra says: “I don’t like sport.”
• Chandra says that he
doesn’t like sport.
HE ASKED ME
HE TOLD ME TO INFIVITIVE
 COMMAND EXAMPLE
• DIRECT
• The teacher asked me: Open
your book page 65!”
• Siska asked Manu: “give me a
piece of paper”!
• “Ronny told him: “call me
tonight!
• INDIRECT
• The teacher asked me
to open my book page
65.
• Siska asked Manu to
give her a piece of
paper.
• Ronny told him to
call him that night.
HE ASKED ME
HE TOLD ME NOT TO INFIVITIVE
 COMMAND EXAMPLE
• DIRECT • INDIRECT
• Santy asked Edy: Don’t leave • Santy asked Edy not
me alone anymore!” to leave her alone
anymore.
• Valenxia asked Indra: “Don’t • Valenxia asked Indra
hurt me anymore”! not to hurt her
anymore.
• “Subhan told them: “Don’t • Subhan told them not
disturb me! to disturb him.
HE ASKED ME IF/WHETHER S + V + COMPLEMENT
 A. Yes/No Question Example
• DIRECT
• Ricky asked Henry: Does your
father work near here?”
• Mr. Bean asked Cyntia: “have
you collected your homework?”
• Dessy asked William: “can you
accompany me to Lippo
tonight?
• INDIRECT
• Ricky asked Henry
if/whether his father
worked near there.
• Mr. Bean asked Cyntia
if/whether she had
collected her
homework.
• Dessy asked William
if/whether he could
accompany her to
Lippo that night.
 WHEN/WHAT S + V + COMPLEMENT
HE ASKED ME etc.
 b. Wh- Question Example
• DIRECT
• The girl asked me: “Where Do
you come from?”
• My father asked my brother:
“Why did you arrive at home
late last night?”
• Handy asked the girl: “what is
your favorite movie star?
• INDIRECT
• The girl asked me
where I came from.
• My father asked my
brother why he had
arrived at home late
the night before
• Handy asked the girl
what her favorite
movie star was
 • My father asked
• DIRECT me:”Have you prepared
• The students said to the for your final exam?
teacher: “We haven’t • Anita told Ver:
done our assignment.” “Don’t tell me more
about your
• My uncle said to my boyfriend!”
sister: “I cannot come on • My friend asked her:
your birthday party next “Stay with me
month.” forever!”
• My headmaster asked
• Patar asked Lina : “Do
me: “ Where do you
you love me?” live?”