DRAFTING

MATERIALS AND
TOOLS, ITS
USES/FUNCTION
 DRAWING PAPER
 various types of drawing papers are
available for use but hard and soft
surface drawing papers are highly
recommended.
 this type does not groove easily when
pressure is applied to the pencil.
 oslo paper is commonly used but bond
paper is also recommended.
 MASKING TAPE
• This is used for fastening the
drawing paper on the drawing
table or drawing board, because
it does not damage the board
and it will not damage the paper
if it is removed by pulling it off.
 PENCIL SHARPENER
• Pencils should be sharpened
whenever they show sign of
dullness. Various types and
designs are available in the
store for use.
 ERASER
• This is used to clean the dirt off
the drawing. A soft eraser is
advantageous in removing
smudges and pencil marks,
whereas, a harder eraser is
useful for making changes and
correcting errors in the drawing.
 DRAWING PENCIL

this is one of the most
important tools in drawing. It
comes in various grades.
The grade of pencil to be
used depends on the quality
of paper to be used.
Hard pencils- are used where extreme
accuracy is required especially working on
graphs, digrams and charts.

Medium pencils- are used for general purpose

work in drawing.

Soft pencils- are too soft to be used in

mechanical drafting. They are very useful for
art work of various kinds.
 ERASING SHIELD
• this tool is made up of metal
with irregular holes. it is a
useful tool to protect the rest of
the drawing when clearing up
smudges, unnecessary pencil
lines and other erasures.
 TRIANGULAR SCALES
• This is a tool generally used
when reproducing a drawing
in an enlarged or reduced
form to some regular
proportion.
 DRAWING
INSTRUMENT
 T-SQUARE
• It is a drawing instrument used when
making horizontal lines.
• it is also used for guiding triangles when
drawing vertical lines.
• it is made of wood, plastic or the
combination of both.
• there are three types of t-square namely;
1. Fixed Head
 the head is fastened to the blade. It is

used for ordinary work.

2. Movable or adjustable head
 it has one fixed and one adjustable head

and used only for occasional drawing.

3. Detachable Head or Removable Head
 It is designed for comfort when carrying

the T-square.
 TRIANGLE
• It is a three sided ruler, which typically
has two equal sides meeting at a 90
degree angle and to a third side 45, 30
including 60 degree angles.
• it usually made of plastic and comes in
different sizes.
a. 30 degrees x 60 degrees
b. 45 degrees x 45 degrees
 COMPASS
• this drawing instrument is used
when drawing arcs and circles.
• it is a used in similar way to
divider.
• it is composed of one with pen leg
and the needle point leg being
held together with a handle.
 DIVIDER
• This is a drawing instrument
used when transferring
measurements, dividing
lines and arcs into the
desired number of equal
parts.
 PROTRACTOR
• it is a semi-circular instrument divided
into 180 equal parts, each of which is
called a degree.
• it is used to determine gradations of the
degrees when measuring arcs, angles
and circles.
• high quality protractor is usually made
of plastic.