DRAFTING

DRAFTING
Is the systematic representation
and dimensional specification
of technical and architectural
structures.
It is also the process of representing
an object or idea by means of lines.
Drafting is said to be a universal
language, the forms of
communicating thoughts from one
person to another by using picture.
DRAFTSMAN
Is the one who draws plans or
designs structures to be build.
 COMMON
DRAFTING TOOLS
AND EQUIPMENT
DRAWING TABLE
 A kind of multipurpose desk which can be used for any kind
of drawing. This special table has an adjustable top so it can be
tilted to the desired angle.
DRAWING BOARD
Used in the absence of drawing table. A
draftsman may place the drawing board on top
of the ordinary table.
DRAWING PAPER
 Specially prepared for use in drafting. The material
is usually made of cellulose pulp derived mainly
from wood, rags, or certain grasses. It can withstand
erasure.
DRAWING PENCILS
Common pencils come in a graphite sticks
encased in wooden holder.
Drawing pencils come in various grades of
hardness and softness. The letter H code means hard
and B means soft.
 
 T-SQUARE
A technical drawing instrument primarily used as a
guide for drawing horizontal lines on a drafting table. It is
also used to guide the triangle that is used to draw vertical
lines. Its name comes from the general shape of the
instrument where the horizontal member of the T slides on
the side of the drafting table. Common lengths are
18”,24”,30”,36”, and 42”.
 
TRIANGLES
Any of the various triangular drafting instruments
used to draw straight lines at specified angles. The
most commonly used are the 45° and the 30° × 60°
triangles that are usually made of celluloid.
 
ERASER
Two kinds of erasers are commonly used in pencil
drawing: art gum and hard rubber. The art gum does not
totally remove the graphite from the paper but creates
the shading effect; the hard rubber removes the graphite
to “clean up” the drawing by removing the unwanted
lines or to bring the drawing into perspective. A good
hard rubber eraser is one which does not produce
unwanted marks on the drawing paper after lines or
drawings are erased. Ink erasers are filled with
abrasives.
ERASING SHIELD
A template made of a thin sheet of
stainless steel used when erasing lines or
drawings located in areas where there
are other lines.
 

FRENCH CURVES
Template made of celluloid plastic,
metal, or wood. They are used in manual
drafting to get smooth curves of varying
radii. Many draftsmen prefer those made
of celluloid.
PROTACTOR
A tool used to draw or measure angles of
an arc. The numbers indicated on the arc are
in degrees. There are 90 degrees in half of
celluloid.
COMPASS
Used for drawing simple arcs and circles.
Compasses are usually made of metal, and
consist of two parts connected by a hinge which
can be adjusted. Typically, one part has a spike
at its end, and the other part a pencil, or
sometimes a pen
DIVIDERS
Used for dividing lines into several
equal parts. It consists of two legs, each
with a needle point. The needle points must
be sharp and of equal length.
 

PENCIL SHARPENER
A device for sharpening a pencil’s point by
shaving one end. A blade inside the sharpener
shaves the wood of the pencil, thus sharpening the
tip. Only a sharp pencil is capable of producing
clean-cut black lines that sparkle with clarity.
TECHNICAL PENS
Specialized instruments used by an engineer
or a draftsperson to make lines of constant width
for architectural, engineering or technical
drawings. Radiograph style of pen is still widely
used by artists.
WATER COLOR BRUSHES
 

Usually made of animal hair and

come in many shapes and sizes.
TRIANGULAR SCALE

Has various Measurements that are

used to give the actual size of the drawing
in reduced or enlarged form.
SPECIAL LETTERING PENS
AND DEVICES
There are many types of lettering pens and
devices available in the market. The choice of
a pen for lettering is determined by the size
and style of the letters, the thickness and the
personal preference of the draftsman.
 
 SPEEDBALL PEN

HENRY TANK PEN

AUTOMATIC
MARKING PEN
AUTOMATIC SHADING PEN

ROUND WRITING PEN

COIT PEN