RANDOM

SAMPLING
SLIDESMANIA.C

February 2, 2022
 Learning Tasks:
■ I can define sample, random sampling and population.

■ I can differentiate sample from the population.

■ I can illustrate the different ways of random sampling.

SLIDESMANIA.C
 SAMPLING
● It is the method of getting a small part of the population that
serves as the representative of the population called sample.
● It is concerned with the selection of subset of objects or individuals
from within statistical population to estimate characteristics of the
whole population. Each observation measures one or more
properties of observable bodies distinguished as independent objects
or individuals. In survey sampling, weights can be applied to the
data to adjust for the sample design, particularly stratified
sampling.
SLIDESMANIA.C
 POPULATI
ON
VS.
SLIDESMANIA.C
 The Population
• It can be defined as including all people or items or
objects with the characteristic one wishes to understand.
• It includes all of its elements from a set of data. The
size of the population is the number of observations in
the population.
SLIDESMANIA.C
 The Sample
• It is a subset, or an incomplete set taken from a
population of objects or observations.
• It is refers to the group selected in sampling to be
representative of the population. It is considered as
biased if one or several of the items in the population are
given a consistently better opportunity to be chosen
than the others.
• It may be large or small depending on some
SLIDESMANIA.C

factors.
 Random Sampling
• It is a sampling method of choosing representatives
from the population wherein every sample has an
equal chance of being selected. Accurate data can be
collected using random sampling techniques.
• The larger the sample, the more accurately it represents
the population which it was taken.
SLIDESMANIA.C
 To determine the sample size..

where
n = sample size
N = population size
e = margin of error
SLIDESMANIA.C
 Margin of error
• It is a statistical technique that determines the number of
acceptable errors in a given study.
• The smaller the margin of error, the more trustworthy
the results are and a larger margin of error means the
results are not considered as accurate.
SLIDESMANIA.C
 Illustrative Example #1
• Determine the sample size to be taken from a total population of 3567 with a
margin of error of .05.
n = unknown
N = 3567
e = .05

(sample size)
SLIDESMANIA.C
 Illustrative Example #2
• Find the sample size if the population size is 2500 at 95% accuracy.
n = unknown
N = 2500
e = .05

(sample size)
SLIDESMANIA.C
 What is my
population
and
SLIDESMANIA.C
SLIDESMANIA.C
 Different Types of
Random
Sampling
SLIDESMANIA.C
 Simple Random Sampling
• This technique is the most basic random sampling wherein each
element in the population has an equal probability of being selected.
They are usually represented by a unique identification number that is
written on equal-sized and shaped papers and then selection of samples
is possible through the lottery method. Random numbers selected to
decide which elements are included as the sample. The drawing
number of paper is based on the desired number of samples.
• For example, a researcher writes the name of each student on a piece
of paper, mixes the papers in a bowl, and draws 7 pieces of paper.
SLIDESMANIA.C
SLIDESMANIA.C
 Systematic Random Sampling
• It is a random sampling that uses a list of all the elements in the
population and then elements are being selected based on the n th
consistent intervals. To get the nth interval, divide the population size
by the sample size.
• Sampling interval formula:
Sampling interval =

• Examples, (1) researcher selects every 7th students from a random list;
(2) a researcher tells the class to count and then selects those students
who count a multiple of 7 numbers.
SLIDESMANIA.C
SLIDESMANIA.C
 Stratified Random Sampling
• It is a random sampling wherein the population is divided into
different strata or divisions. The number of samples will be
proportionately picked in each stratum that is why all strata are
represented in the samples.
• For example, a researcher separates the list of boys and girls, then
draws 7 names by gender.
SLIDESMANIA.C
SLIDESMANIA.C
 Cluster Random Sampling
• It is a random sampling wherein population is divided into
clusters or groups and then the clusters are randomly
selected. All elements of the clusters randomly selected are
considered the samples of the study.
• For example, a researcher surveys all students from 3 randomly
selected classes out of 7 classes.
SLIDESMANIA.C
SLIDESMANIA.C
 • The sampling techniques that involve random selection are called
probability sampling. Likewise, simple random, systematic, and
stratified and cluster sampling are all probability sampling
techniques. There are also sampling techniques that do not involve
random selection of data. They are called non-probability sampling.
An example of this is convenience sampling wherein the researcher
gathers data from nearby sources of information exerting minimal
effort. Convenience is being used by persons giving questionnaires
on the streets to ask the passers-by.
• Purposive sampling is also not considered a random sampling since
the respondents are being selected based on the goal of the studies of
the researcher. If the study is about the students who are children of
OFW, the researcher will get samples who are children of OFW. This
excludes other students from being a sample.
SLIDESMANIA.C
 Do you have any
questions?
SLIDESMANIA.C
 Thank you for
listening!
SLIDESMANIA.C
SLIDESMANIA.C