NATIONAL EXAMINATION BOARD IN OCCUPATIONAL

SAFETY AND HEALTH (NEBOSH)

INTERNATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE IN

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

Pat McLoughlin / Sofiane Boulaouche

British Safety Services

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 Element 2
How health and safety management systems
work and what they look like

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 Question

When we spoke of the employers

duties in element 1, we said their were
3 mandatory or absolute duties…

What were they?

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 Answer

When we spoke of the employers

duties in element 1, we said their were
3 mandatory or absolute duties…

What were they?

 Have a H&S Policy
 Consult with our workers
 Carry out risk assessments

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 Summary of employers specific
responsibilities to workers
(employees)
Employers to so far as is reasonably practicable;
People provide information, instruction,

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training, and supervision as is
necessary, policy, consultation
Equipment provide and maintain, plant and
systems of work which are safe and
without risks to health
Materials ensure the safe use, handling
storage, transport of articles and
substances
Environment provide and maintain safe
access and egress, a safe place of work, safe
working environment, and adequate
welfare
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 What is a Safety Policy – 1970’s?

A document to set out and communicate

Statement of – commitment
Intent • visible management commitment

Organisation
– allocation of responsibility to deliver the
for • controls
implementation • the targets set
– consultation
• to allow involvement of and communication with
employees
Arrangements – identification of hazards
for • controls for those hazards
implementation
• communication of those controls
– targets for performance
• methods of measurement of achievement against targets
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 Question

When do you think it would it be

good to review any safety document,
especially a Safety Policy?

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 When to review policies

Change in management structure P

New or changed processes E
New or changed materials M
Changes in the workplace E
Routine & scheduled review
Changes in legislation
As a result of pro-active monitoring
As a result of re-active monitoring, e.g.
after accident investigations
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 2 Safety Management Systems

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 Safety Policy vs
Safety Management Systems
Safety Policy Safety Management
System
Safety Policy Plan Safety Policy
Statement of Intent Statement of intent
Organisation for Do Organisation for
A
implementation U
implementation
Arrangements for Do DI Plan/Implement
T
Implementation Check Measure
Performance
Act Review
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 OHSAS 18001 Management
System (Plan, Do, Check, Act)

Act Plan

Check
Do

Do
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 What good health and safety
management systems look like
Key elements of all H&S HSG ISO ILO-OSH Auditing & Group
management systems 65 45001 2001 Improvement discussion

All recognized occupational health and safety management

systems follow the same basic and common elements:
A planning phase Plan

A performance phase Do

A performance assessment phase Check

A performance improvement Act

phase
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Why do we need an Occupational Health
& Safety Management System (OHSMS)?

Required as part of ISO45001 (PDCA)

Systematic way to manage
occupational health and safety (OHS)
within the organisation
Makes OHS as integral part of the
organisation’s value system
Reduction of hazards and risks,
accidents, diseases
Results in low absenteeism, high
productivity, job satisfaction
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 Safety Management Systems

The key features of a safety

management system (SMS) are:
Establishing a policy statement
Linking objectives with this policy
Making arrangements for delivering the
policy/objectives
Allocating responsibilities for delivery
Measuring performance of delivery 
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 2.1 The benefits of a formal/certified
health and safety management system

ISO 45001, or other similar management

standards, not usually legal requirement
Can help provide a structured framework for
ensuring a safe and healthy workplace
Allow a company to demonstrate that they are:
 a responsible organisation
 have in place good management systems to
deliver their service or product in a responsible
manner as regards;
– health, safety, environment and quality (IMS)

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Integrated Management Systems

ISO 9001 – Quality Management

ISO 45001 – Safety ISO 14001 – Environmental

Management Management

These various management

systems can be brought
together into one integrated
management systems (IMS)
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The benefits of a formal/certified health
and safety management system

NOTE:
Any Management systems needs to be proportionate
to the requirements of the organisation
 not all organisations require the rigours of a formal,
externally accredited safety management system
 should be proportionate to the benefit they get out
 a small or low-risk organisation will probably be able to
demonstrate effective risk management without a formal
management system using a simpler and less bureaucratic
approach
Should concentrate controlling risk and not just the
process itself
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The benefits of a formal/certified health
and safety management system – MEL

Moral
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Improved staff morale

Reduced accidents
Reduced ill health
Reduced staff complaints

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 Economic
Improved company reputation
Improved production/reduced downtime
Reduced damage to equipment
Reduced absenteeism
Reduced staff turnover
Reduced insurance premiums
Reduced fines and compensation claims

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 Legal
 Improved levels of compliance
 Reduced court cases for both
– prosecution, (punishment)
– or suing, (paying compensation)

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 2.2 What good health and safety
management system looks like – Policy
The policy:
 demonstrates a commitment to provide safe and healthy
working conditions for the prevention of work related injury and ill
health
 is appropriate to the purpose, size and context of the
organization and
 is specific to the nature of its OH&S risks and opportunities
Provides a framework for setting the OH&S objectives
Includes a commitment to:
 fulfil legal requirements and other requirements
 eliminate hazards and reduce OH&S risks
 continual improvement of the OH&S management system
 consultation and participation of workers, and, where they
exist, workers’ representatives
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 The safety policy

Should be:
 available as documented information
 communicated within the organization
 available to interested parties, as appropriate
 relevant and appropriate

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 The safety policy – role

Is the start point of:

 safety management system (PDCA)
– Creates specific objectives for the organisation
– Indicates how the organisation will eliminate hazards and
prevent of injury and ill-health
– Provides a healthy and safe workplace with adequate welfare
and other resources
– Demonstrates commitment to at least comply with legal
requirements
– Allows for worker involvement and consultation
– Commits to continual improvement
– Is communicated to all employees and interested parties

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 The safety policy – content
(PEME)
A safety policy must be specific to the organisation
A typical safety policy will promise to:
 prevent accidents and cases of work-related ill health
 manage health and safety risks in the workplace
 provide clear instructions, information and adequate
training, to ensure employees are competent
 provide personal protective equipment
 consult with the employees on matters affecting H&S
 provide and maintain safe plant and equipment
 ensure safe handling and use of substances
 maintain safe and healthy working conditions
 implement emergency procedures, including
evacuation in case of fire or other significant incident
 review and revise the policy regularly
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 Responsibilities
Senior Management

Control
 provision of adequate resources and
 visible demonstration of commitment HSE
 Competence
 selection
 training and
 development of workers and others as required

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 Responsibilities –
Senior Management

Consultation
 With everyone, especially employees
 Non-employees, for example, the community
where our operations might affect them
Communication
 Suitable communication using all relevant tools
– verbal
– written and
– visual
 Relevant and easily understood information

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 Summary of typical general
organisational responsibilities

Directors and senior managers are responsible

for setting general policy, objectives and targets
Supervisors are responsible for checking day-to-
day compliance with the policy
Safety advisers advise the organisation on
accident and compliance issues
Safety representatives are responsible for
representing employees in consultation on health
and safety matters with the employers and the
enforcing authority

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 Summary of typical general
organisational responsibilities

Employees are responsible for their own

health and safety that of others through their
acts or omissions
Fire marshals are responsible to ensure the
safe evacuation of the building in the event of
an emergency
First-aid personnel are responsible for the
provision of appropriate first-aid to injured
persons

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 Implementation and
operation – Do
This is where the employer creates practical
arrangements for making the policy work:
 Planning and organising
 hazards are identified
 risks assessed
Controlling hazards
 control systems put in place
 performance standards established
Consultation
 workers and non-workers are consulted for their
– concerns and
– ideas for improvement

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 Implementation and
operation – Do

Communication
 effective communication channels are opened,
using all tools available
– verbal
– written
– visual
Monitoring compliance
 controls and performance standards developed
above are monitored for compliance

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 Checking and Corrective
Action (Check)
This concerns
Monitoring the extent to which health & safety
policy and objectives are being implemented
 active monitoring
 reactive monitoring
Auditing of the entire safety management system

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 Senior Management
Review (Act)
Creating a learning organisation by learning from
experience
Examination of all of the data gathered by
 active and reactive tools and internal/external audits
Assessment of the extent that policy objectives
have been met
Compliance against local legal and other
requirements
Deciding upon further improvements necessary,
for example
 changes to safety policy
 revised targets and objectives
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 Continual improvement

So what is continual improvement?

ISO 45001 defines it as the “recurring activity to
improve performance”
This is achieved by learning lessons involves
acting on:
 Findings of accident investigations and near-miss
reports;
 Organisational vulnerabilities identified during
monitoring, audit and review processes
The purpose is to improve the OH&S management
system in order to achieve improvements in overall
OH&S performance consistent with the
organisation’s OH&S policy
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 Continual improvement –
Target setting

The setting of health and safety targets are

important because;
 provides evidence of management commitment
 motivates staff by giving them something to aim for
 allows the organisation to measure and review
health and safety performance
 allows benchmarking against similar organisations

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 Continual improvement –
Target setting
Examples of health and safety targets that
could be set by an organisation;
Reduction in number of accidents
Improvement in reporting of near misses or minor
accidents
Improvement in inspection and audit scores
Reduction in actions taken by the enforcing
authorities
Reduction in the number of civil claims
Reduction in sickness and absenteeism
Reduced insurance costs
Increased degree of worker involvement
Increase in the number of persons trained in health
and safety
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Continual improvement – senior
management commitment

Top management can demonstrate commitment by:

Preparing and signing the policy, setting targets
Ensuring availability of resources so the occupational
health and safety management system is established,
implemented and maintained
Ensuring clearly defined roles and responsibilities
Appointing a member of top management with specific
responsibility for health and safety
Appointing one or more competent persons and adequate
resources to provide assistance in meeting the organisation’s
health and safety obligations
Be involved in reviewing performance
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Chairing safety committee
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 When to review
SMS/policies/procedures/RA’s

Change in management structure P

New or changed processes E
New or changed materials M
Changes in the workplace E
Routine & scheduled review
Changes in legislation
As a result of pro-active monitoring
As a result of re-active monitoring, e.g. after
accident investigations

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 End of Element 2

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