Public Health Emergency Management

Preparedness and Capacity Building

: PHE_P_CD_D

December 7/2021
E P I D E M I C A L E R T A N D R E S P O N S E
 Outline

Introduction to public health emergency

preparedness
Introduction to Vulnerability assessment and risk
mapping
Capacity building

Monitoring and Evaluation

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 Objective

At the end of this session

Participant will Understand and familiarize
with activities undertake under
preparedness and capacity building

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 Introduction to public health emergency
Preparedness

The range of deliberate, critical tasks and activities

necessary to
Build,
Sustain, and
Improve the operational capability to prevent, protect against,
respond to, and recover from incidents”.
Preparedness activities and tasks are those things that
should be done prior to the occurrence of emergency.

Being prepared to detect and respond to such an event is

an essential role of the District.
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 Aim

 To strengthen capacity in recognizing and

responding to public health emergencies
through conducting regular risk identification
and analysis

Establishing partnership and collaboration,

and strategic communication during the pre
emergency phase and ensuring their monitoring
and evaluation.
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 Main Objectives

 Prevent avoidable crisis and catastrophes;

Reduce morbidity and mortality effects;

Avail resources;
Minimize disruption to health services;

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 2. Vulnerability Assessment and Risk Mapping

 Vulnerability
Hazard
Risk

Vulnerability assessment

Risk Mapping

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 Hazard

• Hazard:
 Any dangerous situation or phenomenon which has a potential
to cause damage, loss or injury to human, property or
environment  
• Classified as:
 Depending on origin Depending on speed of onset
 Geological Rapid
 Hydro-meteorological Natural Slow
 Biological
 Soceo-economic
 Technological human induced

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 Vulnerability Definition

Vulnerability:
 The characteristics and circumstances of a
community, system, or asset that make it
susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard 

 Describes two aspects of the subject:-

Susceptibility
Resilience

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 Cont.…

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 Cont.…

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 Vulnerabilities

Pre-existing conditions
Much more determined by human behavior
than Hazards
Varies across geographic space and among
and within social groups
Scale dependent (individual, household,
region, country, etc.)
Dynamic (change over time)

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 Cont.…

 Nearly all concepts of vulnerability view it as an

intrinsic characteristic of a system or element at
risk (can be applied to communities, social groups,
structures, physical structures, eco-systems, etc.)

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 Vulnerability Assessment and Risk Mapping

One of the pre emergency activities of

preparedness
A vulnerability assessment is a continuing,
dynamic process of assessing hazards and risks
that threaten the population and the health system
and determining what can be done about it
Done periodically to predict and be prepared to
mitigate the problems which come as a result of
them
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 Vulnerability Assessment and Risk Mapping

A vulnerability assessment provides:

A means to inform decision-makers about the
needs of preparedness at different levels;
A starting point to construct an overall plan that
corresponds to the dimensions of identified risks.
A tool to initiate the public health emergency
preparedness planning;
can also help to measure the levels of
preparedness or unpreparedness;
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 Risk
• Risk is defined as a product of the likelihood of the
occurrence of a given hazard (epidemic disease, drought,
flood, etc.) and the vulnerability to the impact
• Disaster Risk: potential disaster losses in lives, health
status, livelihoods, assets and services, which could occur to
a particular community or a society over some specified
future time period

• Disaster: A serious disruption of the functioning of a

community or a society involving widespread human, material,
economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds
the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its
own resources.
VRAM 16
Disaster Risk Assessment
A methodology to determine
 The nature and extent of risk by analysing potential hazards and
evaluating existing conditions of vulnerability that together could
potentially harm exposed people, property, services, livelihoods
and the environment on which they depend.
Risk Analysis: is the process of computing the level of risk by
bringing together the various attributes that contribute to the
reduction or amplification of risk from a given hazard to
individuals and communities
Risk mapping of exposure and vulnerability including the
physical, social, health, economic and environmental
dimensions; and the evaluation of the effectiveness prevailing
and alternative coping capacities in respect to likely risk
scenarios
VRAM 17
 3. Preparing an epidemic preparedness and
response plan- Risk Reduction

EPRP
An Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan
(EPRP) is “a document that describes
 How an organization will manage its preparedness and
 Responses to risks and emergencies of various types
A national/regional health Emergency Preparedness
and Response Plan (EPRP) describes
 How the health sector structures and
 Organizes itself for the management of an emergency
response

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 Cont.…

 An efficient preparedness system helps to

effectively anticipate, respond to, and start to
recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or
current hazard events or conditions

EPRP is one of the components of the Pre-

disaster (prevention, mitigation and
preparedness) phase and an essential
component of preparedness

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 Cont.…
The EPRP should have a
 multi-hazard approach to guide and define response for both
public health events involving infectious and non-infectious
hazards, and for the health consequences of any emergency or
disaster

The EPRP should present

 The roles,
 Responsibilities,
 Systems and
 Mechanisms for emergency response within the health sector
but also towards other sectors and competent authorities

EPRP Development Process 20

EPRP should define:
Each level of PHEM emergency preparedness level required
for institutional readiness as well as the projection to reach
or maintain it;
The mechanisms to detect and investigate an alert and to
activate an appropriate response in a timely manner;
The structures and mechanisms to effectively coordinate
and manage a response;
The response strategy and required resources for efficient
response to specific risks identified in the country;
The maintenance of routine health services during an
emergency response; and,
The plans for recovery and provisions for ‘building back
better’.
EPRP Development Process 21
 Enabling factors for developing an ERP

 Political commitment
 Inventory of existing plans, regulations and
legislation in the area of emergency response
 All hazard risk profiling and prioritization
 Capacity Assessment (including human
resources, infrastructure, logistics, etc.)

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 Monitoring and Evaluation of PHEM preparedness

Indicators
Coordination and collaboration
 Number of coordination forum activity reports
 Number of coordinated responses given to health emergencies
b. Vulnerability assessment and risk mapping
 List of hot spot areas identified by type of hazard
 Vulnerable groups identified by type of hazards
c. Planning
 Preparedness plan available
d. Capacity building
 Proportion of zones, and woredas with PHEM structure
 Number of need-based trainings conducted
 Proportion of zone, and woredas with available stockpile to cover at least one
month at lower levels

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 Thank You

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