PERSONAL

DEVELOPMENT
MODULES 2 & 3
DEVELOPING
THE WHOLE
PERSON
 LOCUS
OF
CONTROL
(ROTTER, 1966)
 KEY TO CORRECTION

2. a, 3.b, 4.b, 5.b, 6.a, 7.a, 9.a,

10.b, 11.b, 12.b, 13.b, 15.b, 16.a,
17.a, 18.a, 20.a, 21. a, 22.b, 23.a,
25.a, 26.b, 28.b, 29.a.
 INTERPRETATION

LOW SCORE – INTERNAL LOC

(0-11)
HIGH SCORE – EXTERNAL LOC
(12-13)
 LOCUS OF CONTROL
When you are dealing with a challenge in your life, do
you feel that you have control over the outcome? Or do
you believe that you are simply at the hands of outside
forces?
It refers to how strongly you believe you have control
over the situations and experiences that affect your life.
 LOCUS OF CONTROL
In simple terms, it is a belief about whether
the outcomes of our activities are
dependent on what we have done or are
outside our control.
INTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL

Individuals with high internal locus of

control believe that events result primarily
from their own behavior or actions.
INTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL

For example, when receiving exam results,

people with an internal locus of control
tend to praise or blame themselves and
their abilities.
INTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL

Are more likely to take responsibility for their

actions.
Tend to be less influenced by the opinions of
other people.
Tend to work hard to achieve the things they
want.
 EXTERNAL LOCUS OF
CONTROL
Those with high external locus of control
believe that “powerful others”, fate, luck,
chance, or destinity primarily determine
events.
 EXTERNAL LOCUS OF
CONTROL
 People with a strong external locus of
control tend to praise or blame external
factors such as the teacher or the exam.
 EXTERNAL LOCUS OF
CONTROL
 Blame outside forces for their circumstances.
Often credit luck or chance for any successes.
Don't believe that they can change their
situation through their own efforts.
 FACTORS AFFECTING LOC

Upbringing
Media
Religion
Personal Beliefs
What’s the risk of being
overly internal in locus
of control?
What’s the risk of being
overly external in locus
of control?
Who is more likely to
succeed?
Who is more likely to
succeed?
How can you improve
your LOCUS OF
CONTROL?
 SELF-ESTEEM
SCALE
(ROSENBERG, 1965)
KEY TO CORRECTION
 INTERPRETATION

LOW SCORE – LOW SELF-ESTEEM

(1-14)
HIGH SCORE – HIGH SELF-ESTEEM
(15-30)
 SELF-ESTEEM
Refers to a your overall emotional
evaluation (attitude) of your worth.
Your thought about yourself.
 SELF-ESTEEM
Refers to a your overall emotional
evaluation (attitude) of your worth.
Your thought/s about yourself.
 TYPES OF SELF-ESTEEM
Low Self-esteem
High Self-esteem
Inflated Self-Esteem
 HIGH SELF-ESTEEM
The person love himself/herself and
accept who he/she is.
 LOW SELF-ESTEEM
The person does not love
himself/herself and does not accept
and value his/her qualities.
 INFLATED SELF-ESTEEM
The person loves himself/herself more
than others and he/she exaggerate
his/her qualities.
 FACTORS AFFECTING SELF-
ESTEEM
Upbringing
Media
Significant Experiences
Social Status
Personal Beliefs
 HIGH SELF-ESTEEM
They know what they can do well and
how they can improve.
They express their opinion.
 HIGH SELF-ESTEEM
They recognize when they make a
mistake and take responsibility for it.
They consider and help others. They
are willing to collaborate.
 LOW SELF-ESTEEM
Indecisive. They are difficult to make
decisions and they are scared of
making a mistake.
Afraid to try new things.
 LOW SELF-ESTEEM
Feels inferior.
Pessimistic.
Fear of rejection.
 INFLATED SELF-ESTEEM
They believe they can do everything;
there is nobody better than themselves.
They believe that they are always
right and they never make any
mistakes.
 INFLATED SELF-ESTEEM
“MessianicComplex”
Looks down to others.
 FACTORS AFFECTING SELF-
ESTEEM
Upbringing
Media
Significant Experiences
Social Status
Personal Beliefs
How can you improve
your SELF-
ESTEEM?
“You are what you
think about. “
SELF-MONITORING
SCALE
(SNYDER, 1966)
 KEY TO CORRECTION

1-4 F, 5-8 T, 9 F, 10-11 T, 12 F, 13

T, 14 F, 15-16 T, 17 F, 18-19 T, 20-
23 F, 24-25 T.
 INTERPRETATION

LOW SCORE – LOW SELF-

MONITOR (0-12)
HIGH SCORE – HIGH SELF-
MONITOR (13-25)
 SELF-MONITORING
Self-monitoring  is a concept proposed by the
social psychologist, Mark Snyder to account for
how people behave socially. More specifically, it
concerns how much attention they pay to their
behavior in respect of its compliance with social
expectations.
 SELF-MONITORING
Self-monitoring describes the extent on how we monitor
our self-presentations, and expressive behavior. It a 
personality trait that refers to an ability to regulate our
behavior to accommodate social situations. It is how we
monitor our audience/s in order to ensure appropriate or
desired public appearances.
 LOW SELF-MONITORING
Low self-monitors tend to exhibit expressive
controls congruent with their own internal
states such as their beliefs, attitudes, and 
dispositions regardless of social circumstance. 
 LOW SELF-MONITORING
Low self-monitors are often less observant of
social context and consider expressing a self-
presentation dissimilar from their internal states
as a falsehood and undesirable.
 HIGH SELF-MONITORING
They often behave in a manner that is highly
responsive to social cues and their situational
context in an attempt to impress others and
receive positive feedback.
 HIGH SELF-MONITORING

 HIGH SELF-MONITORING
 They just don’t closely monitor themselves
and considered to be more aware of others
thoughts and feelings, but responsive to them
as well.
Which is better,
HIGH OR LOW
SELF-
MONITORING?
RISK OF LOW
SELF-MONITORS
RISK OF HIGH
SELF-MONITORS
PRIVATE SELF
VS.
PUBLIC SELF
Who is more likely to
succeed?