Mr. Funji P.

Buhat
Professor
 Checking
of Attendance
PRAYER
Lessons:
Characteristics of
Mathematics
Patterns and Numbers in
Nature and the World
The Fibonacci Sequence
 What is
Mathematics?
Mathematics - comes from the Greek
μάθημα (máthēma), which in the
ancient Greek language, means “ that
which is learnt,” or “lesson” in modern
Greek. Mathēma is derived from
“manthano” while the modern Greek
equivalent is “mathaino” which means
to “to learn”
Numerous definitions from different
sources are given to “mathematics”.
For example, the Encyclopedia Britannia
defines mathematics as “the science of
structure, order, and relations that has
evolved from elemental practices of
counting, measuring, and describing the
shapes and characteristics of objects.”
Characteristics of Mathematics
Classification - Generates a
series of mental relations through
which objects are grouped
according to similarities and
differences depending on specific
criteria such as shape, color, size,
etc.
Characteristics of Mathematics
Logical Sequence - known
uncomplicated definitions and postulates,
and proceeds, step by step, to quite
elaborate steps. Mathematics learning
always proceeds from simple to complex
and from concrete to abstract.
Characteristics of Mathematics
Structure - a structure denotes ‘the
formation, arrangement and articulation
of parts in anything build up by nature or
art’. Based on this definition
mathematical structure should be some
sort of arrangement, formation, or result
of putting together of parts.
Characteristics of Mathematics
Precision and Accuracy - Mathematics is
known as an ‘exact’ science because of its
precision. It is perhaps the only subject
which can claim certainty of results. In
mathematics, the results are either right or
wrong, accepted or rejected.
Characteristics of Mathematics
Abstractness - Mathematics is
abstract in the sense that
mathematics does not deal with
actual objects in much the
same way as physics.
Characteristics of Mathematics
Symbolism - Another most important
characteristic of mathematics which
distinguishes it from many other subjects
is its peculiar language and symbolism.
Lindsay says, “Mathematics is the
language of physical sciences and
certainly no more marvelous language
was ever created by the mind of man”.
Characteristics of Mathematics
Applicability - Mathematical
truth turns out to be applicable in
very distinct areas of application
in phenomena from across the
universe to across the street.
Characteristics of Mathematics
Generalization - Mathematics gives
exercises in widening and
generalizing conceptions, in
combining various results under one
head, in making schematic
arrangements and classifications.
 Patterns
and
Numbers in Nature
and the world
Logic and Number Pattern
One kind of logic pattern deals with the characteristics of
various objects. Another kind deals with order. Some
patterns appear in a sequence while some possess similar
attributes.
Working with number patterns leads directly to concept of
functions in mathematics. It is important that students are
able to recognize number patterns to help them develop
their problem-solving skills.
Examples:
 The Fibonacci Sequence
The Fibonacci Sequence is the series of numbers: 0, 1,
1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ...

The next number is found by adding up the two

numbers before it:

the 2 is found by adding the two numbers before it

(1+1), the 3 is found by adding the two numbers before
it (1+2), the 5 is (2+3), and so on!
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55,
89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987,
1597, 2584, 4181, 6765, 10946,
17711, 28657, 46368, 75025,
121393, 196418, 317811, ...
Can you figure out the next five numbers?
541,229 ,
832,040 ,
1,373,269 ,
2,205,309 ,
3,578, 578
The Rule The Fibonacci Sequence can be
written as a "Rule"
Example: The 8th term is the 7th term plus the 6th
term: x8 = x7 + x6
So we can write the rule:
= −1 + −2
where:
 is term number "n"
−1 is the previous term (n−1)
−2 is the term before that (n−2)
Example: term 9 is calculated like this:

= −1 + −2
= x8 + x7
= 21 + 13
= 34