Functions and systems of production, operations

and forecasting

Group 3:
1. Fensha Waya Shyrli (C1B021100)
2. Cherly Rhesfinola (C1B021135)
3. Nazwa Yuliansa Putri Mantow (C1B021138)
The definition of production process

The production process is a process, path, method,

activity or technique, or a series or combination of
processes, paths, methods, or techniques, which are
used to produce a product (goods - services) to
achieve the planned results. This term has the same
meaning as defined for the term "production process".
The purpose of production process
01
To meeting human needs in
achieving prosperity from the
availability of goods and 04
services
As a replacement for damaged,
expired, or worn out products
02
To fulfill market demand,
both from domestic and 05
international markets
To stimulate the growth of other
production businesses so it can
03 overcome unemployment
To earn a profit so that a
company can achieve the
desired goals
Determination of the type of production process

Mass Production

Batch Production

Job Production

Just-In-Time Production

Flexible Manufacturing System

The methods of production in the types stated differ and can be

analyzed using factors like the manufacturing costs, the capital
invested, and job security.
 Type of production process

1. Continuous Processes
2. Intermittent Processes
 The characteristics of a continuous process
1. Usually products are produced in large quantities (mass production) with very small
variations and have been standardized.

2. This kind of process usually uses a system or method of preparing equipment based on
the sequence of workmanship of the resulting product, which is called product layout or
department by product.

3. The machines used in this kind of production process are special machines to produce the
product, known as Special Purpose Machines.

4. Because the machines are special and usually somewhat automatic, the individual
operator's influence on the product produced is very small, so the operator does not need
to have high skills or expertise to work on the product.

5. If one of the machines/equipment is stopped or damaged, the entire production process

will be stopped.

6. Because the machines are special and the variety of products is small, the job structure is
small and the number of workers does not need to be large.

7. Inventory of raw materials and materials in process is lower than intermittent

process/manufacturing.

8. Because the machines used are special, this kind of process requires a maintenance
specialist who has a lot of knowledge and experience.

9. Usually materials are moved by fixed path equipment that uses mechanical power such
as conveyors.
The characteristics of a discontinuous process
1. Usually products are produced in very small quantities with very large variations (different) and are
based on orders.

2. This kind of process usually uses a system, or a way of arranging equipment based on functions in the
production process or the same equipment is grouped in the same place, which is called process layout
or departmentation by equipment.

3. The machines used in the production process like this are general-purpose machines that can be used to
produce various products with almost the same variations, which machines are known as General
Purpose Machines.

4. Because the machines are general in nature and usually not automatic, the individual operator's
influence on the product produced is very large, so the operator needs to have high expertise or skill in
product processing

5. The production process is not easy/will stop even if there is damage or cessation of one of the machines
or equipment.

6. Due to the general nature of the machines and the large variety of products, various jobs make control
more difficult.

7. Inventories of raw materials are usually high, because it cannot be determined what orders will be
ordered by buyers and also inventories of materials in process are higher than continuous
process/manufacturing, because the process is discontinuous.

8. Usually materials are moved by means of flexible handling equipment (varied path equipment) that uses
human power such as a stroller or forklift.

9. In such a process, materials are often moved back and forth, so there is a need for a large aisle and a
large work-in-process space.
The disadvantages of continuous production process

There is difficulty in dealing with product

changes demanded by consumers or customers

The production process is easy to stop

There is difficulty in dealing with changes in

the level of demand
 The advantages of continuous production process

01 02 03 04

Can obtain the level of Wastes from the use of The labor cost is low The cost of moving
production costs per human labor can be materials in the factory
unit reduced is also lower
The advantages of discontinuous production process

Having high flexibility in dealing

with product changes with large
variations

Save money on the investment of

the machines

The production process is not easily

stopped
The disadvantages of discontinuous production process

Requires substantial investment

Scheduling and routing for the in raw material and work-in-
work of the product to be process inventories
produced is very difficult to do

The cost of labor and the

Production control in the
cost of moving materials is
production process is very
very high
difficult
THANK YOU
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