PRESENTATION

IN COMPUTER
TLE – 9
COMPUTER
NETWORK
CONCEPTS
• THE CONCEPT OF NETWORK
The generic term network refers to a group of entities (i.e. objects, people,
etc.) that are connected to one another. A network, therefore, allows
material or immaterial elements to be circulated among all of these entities,
based on well-defined rules. A network, as far as this article is concerned, is
a group of computers and peripheral devices connected to one another.
Note that the smallest possible network is two computers connected
together. Networking refers to the implementation of tools and tasks for
linking computers so that they can share resources over the network. This
article will introduce you to this concept and explain to you the different
types of networks that exist
How the Networking Sections Are Organized
• The networking section of CCM.net is divided into several chapters. 

The concept of networking section describes what a network is and the different types of

networks that exist. 

The data transmission section is about how each data is transmitted in each type of medium. 

The network equipment section describes the different kinds of equipment that are used to
connect computers to one another. 

The protocols section explains how information is sent over networks, and in particular, over
the Internet. 

The technologies section lays out the different physical means that can be used to send
Similarities Between Types of Networks
• The different types of networks generally have the following points in common: servers, which
are computers that provide shared resources to users, by means of a network server; clients,
which are computers that access the shared resources provided by a network server;
a connection medium, or how the computers are linked together; shared data, or files that can
be accessed on the network servers; printers and other shared peripherals, which include files,
printers, or other elements employed by the network's users; and miscellaneous
resources provided by the server. Types of Networks
• There are usually said to be two types of networks: peer-to-peer networks and networks
organized around servers (Client/Server). These two types of networks have different
capabilities. Which type of network to install depends on the following criteria: size of the
business, level of security required, type of activity, skills of the administrators available, colume
of traffic over the network, needs of the network's users, and budget set aside for operating the
network (not just purchasing it, but also upkeep and maintenance). 
 NETWORK
CABLE
INSTALLATIO
N
COPPER CABLE
SPLICING AND
CABLE TESTING
 • High-speed data on campus may require cable splicing.
• Splicing copper cable is usually considered a telephone-company procedure
and, therefore, of little or no interest to those in the premises and campus
markets. However, copper-cable splicing does have a campus outside-plant
application that is both current and important.
• Doug Dahms, an international market manager with 3M Telecom Systems
Div. (Austin,TX), who has 27 years of copper-splicing experience, explains:
"Not all voice connections will handle high-speed data applications. Twist-
and-sleeve and compression connectors used by telcos to splice high-pair-
count copper cables in the past are subject to copper-oxide buildup and
high-resistance faults over time, which doesn't affect voice traffic but may
degrade high-speed data protocols such as ADSL [asymmetric digital
subscriber line]."
FIBER OPTIC CABLES
SPLICING AND
INSTALLATION
REQUIREMENTS
101 GUIDELINES FOR
FIBER OPTIC CABLE
INSTALLATION
1. Never directly pull on the fiber itself. Fiber optic cables have Kevlar aramid yarn or a
fiberglass rod as their strength member. You should pull on the fiber cable strength
members only!

2. Never exceed the maximum pulling load

rating. On long runs, use proper lubricants
and make sure they are compatible with the
cable jacket. On really long runs, pull from
the middle out to both ends. If possible, use
an automated puller with tension control or
at least a breakaway pulling eye. Know and
observe the maximum recommended load
rating of the cable.
3. Never exceed the cable bend radius. Fiber is stronger than steel when you pull it straight, but
it breaks easily when bent too tightly. These will harm the fibers, maybe immediately, maybe
not for a few years, but you will harm them and the cable must be removed and thrown away!

4. Always roll the cable off the spool

instead of spinning it off the spool end.
This will put a twist in the cable for
every turn on the spool! Never twist the
fiber cable. Putting a twist in the cable
can stress the fibers too.
5. Make sure your fiber cable is long enough for the run. Fiber splicing make
things complicated and expensive. And it needs special protection. Try to make it
in one pull.
6. Indoor cables can be installed directly, but you might consider putting them
inside innerduct. Innerduct provides a good way to identify fiber optic cable and
protect it from damage, generally a result of someone cutting it by mistake! You
can get the innerduct with pulling tape already installed.
7. Plan the Installation. Create a detailed, written plan of installation. You can eliminate 95% of
the problems installers can encounter by simply creating this plan. The plan should include
equipment and supplies, fiber cable specification, location of equipment, testing requirements,
data forms for testing, personnel experience level and assignment, installation methods,
identification of potential problem areas, safety issues, etc.

8. Pull, do not push cables.

Pushing can result in violation
of the bend radius.
9. Monitor the supply reel.
Monitoring the supply reel
during installation is necessary
to prevent violation of minimum
bend radius.
10. Communicate along the path of installation. When
installing long runs, communicate and monitor along the
path of the installation. Fiber cables can and do jump
from unmonitored pulleys. The minimum crew should
have one person monitoring the pulling equipment, one
monitoring the supply reel, and one coordinating all
involved in the installation.