MARYAM KHALIL 01-135202-037 BSIT-3A

Data Communication and Networking

Assignment # 2
BS (IT)-3 (A, B) Morning, Fall-2021
Assigned Date: 08/11/2021
Submission Date: 15/11/2021 (Late submission is not acceptable)
Q. No. 1. Answer all the questions about below network. (5)

I. Write detail requirements to design the provided

network including devices, cable with its type,

connectors, etc.

STAR TOPOLOGY
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• In a star topology setup, each node such as a computer within your company
or team is connected to one central network device which could be a hub, a
switch, or a computer via a cable.
• The central network is the server, and the other devices are clients.
• In star topology, each computer is connected to a central hub using a point-to-
point connection.
• All cables run to a central connection point.
• In a star network each device on the network has its own cable that connects
to a switch or hub.

In a star network each device on the network has its own cable that
connects to a switch or hub. A hub sends every packet of data to every
device, whereas a switch only sends a packet of data to the destination
device.
Star Topology Hardware Equipment
There are a certain number of hardware equipment that is required as Star
Topology Hardware. But the type of hardware equipment you use is totally
dependent upon the specifications of the Computer Network you are going to
develop.
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Cable Type in Star Network Topology

If you are opting for Wired Star Network then you can use a variety of cables in
it. You have the option for using a Twisted Pair Cable or Coaxial Cable. In the
old days, Network Engineers used the Coaxial Cable. But Twisted Pair is the
most common option. For establishing high speed Computer Networks you
can even use Fiber Optic Cable.

Hub or Switch
These devices serve as the central device. In establishing a typical Star
Network Topology you can use Hub or Switch. These are the devices where
the cables from individual nodes are plugged in. Both of these serve as an
intermediate device through which data passes. Each time a sender wants to
send data to the receiver, the data has to pass through the central device.

II. Write detail network topologies and network type

for provided networks with its advantages and
disadvantages.

ANSWER:-

Network topology refers to the physical or logical layout of a network. It

defines the way different nodes are placed and interconnected with each
other. Alternately, network topology may describe how the data is
transferred between these nodes.

In a computer network, there are mainly six types of physical topology,

they are:

1. Bus Topology
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2. Ring Topology
3. Star Topology
4. Mesh Topology
5. Tree Topology
6. Hybrid Topology

Star Topology
In a star topology, hub and switch act as a server, and the other
connected devices act as clients. Only one input-output port and one
cable are required to connect a node to the central device. Any node
requesting for service or providing service, first contact the hub for
communication..

For Example High-Speed LAN, etc.

ADVANTAGES

• Centralized control.
• Less Expensive.
• Easy to troubleshoot(the faulty node does not give response).
• Good fault tolerance due to centralized control on nodes.
• Easy to scale(nodes can be added or removed to the network
easily).
• If a node fails, it will not affect other nodes.

DIS-ADVANTAGES

• If hub goes down everything goes down, none of the devices can
work without hub.
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• Hub requires more resources and regular maintenance because it is

the central system of star topology.

• Using extensive number of cables make the Computer Network look

messy.
• Due to the limited length of the wire you are obviously bound to sit at
a specific distance from the Modem. So, it affects the mobility of a
user.

III. Write the complete steps to design the complete

network

1. Outline the requirements

2. Draw out the network topology
3. Keep a register of the hardware
4. Label the hardware
5. Keep a record of the software used
6. IP addresses and subnets
7. Test the network
8. Allow room for redundancy
9. Network security
10. Plan for the future
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Q. No. 2. Design a lab network with 40 systems, and make

a feasibility report to complete the network. (5)
In feasibility report, you will write following details:

I. How many other devices you need to design the

network, write complete detail.

ROUTER

Routers help transmit packets to their destinations by charting a path

through the sea of interconnected networking devices using different
network topologies. Most routers can be configured to operate as
packet-filtering firewalls and use access control lists (ACLs).

CABLES

Cable is the medium through which information moves from one

network device to another. There are several types of cable which are
commonly used with LANs. In some cases, a network will utilize only
one type of cable, other networks will use a variety of cable types.

SWITCHES

Switches keep traffic between two devices from getting in the way of
your other devices on the same network. Switches allow you to control
who has access to various parts of the network.
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INTERNET CONNECTION

The Internet works through a series of networks that connect devices

around the world through telephone lines. Users are provided access
to the Internet by Internet service providers. The widespread use of
mobile broadband and Wi-Fi in the 21st century has allowed this
connection to be wireless.

WIRELESS ACCESS POINT

What is an access point? It can be either a bridge connecting a standard

wired network to wireless devices or act as a router passing data
transmissions from one access point to another. (AP) can technically
involve either a wired or wireless connection, it commonly means a
wireless device.

HARDWARE FIREWALL

A hardware firewall is a physical appliance that is deployed to enforce a

network boundary. All network links crossing this boundary pass
through this firewall. This enables it to perform inspection of both
inbound and outbound network traffic. It also helps enforce access
controls and other security policies.

GATEWAY

Gateways connect two or more autonomous networks, each with its

own routing algorithms, protocols, topology, domain name service, and
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network administration procedures. Gateways provide translation

between networking technologies such as Open System
Interconnection (OSI) and Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP).

MODEM

Digital signals are converted by the modem into analog signals of

different frequencies. The receiving modem performs the reverse
transformation and provides a digital output. Digital data is usually
transferred to or from a modem over a serial line through RS-232
interface. Many telephone companies offer DSL services, and many
cable operators use modems as end terminals.

II. Which topology is suitable to design the network?

Full mesh topolygy is suitable to design a network

MESH TOPOLOGY

Full-Mesh topology provide an extreme level of redundancy when

compared with other network topologies. The main advantage in full-
mesh topology is that if any connection between two devices failed,
there is always an alternate path exists to reach the destination. It is
not easy to connect 500 computers together in a Full-Mesh network.
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ADVANTAGES

• Redundancy of paths is the main advantage of full-mesh

topology.
• If a connection between two devices failed, there is always an
alternate path available to reach the destination.
• Because of the extreme level of redundancy, full-Mesh topology is
often used in the core layer and distribution layer of hierarchical
network designs.
• Full-Mesh topology is also used for server connectivity

redundancy and site-to-site WAN connectivity redundancy.

DIS-ADVANTAGES

• The cabling costs of full-mesh topology-based network can be

very high.
• It is not easy to troubleshoot a large full-Mesh topology based
network.

III. Which type of cable you use to design and why?

FIBER OPTIC CABLES

Fiber Optic cable will be more reliable in designing the network

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Fiber optics are future-proof, Save space and enhance cable management,Fiber
optic transmission can cover greater distances

There are three types of fiber optic cable commonly used: single mode,
multimode and plastic optical fiber (POF). Transparent glass or plastic
fibers which allow light to be guided from one end to the other with
minimal loss.

Fiber optic cables provide more bandwidth to carry more data than
copper cables of the same diameter. Latency decreases with fiber as
well, enabling faster download and upload times. Upgrade the
components and your fiber cabling will be good to go. The amount of
network bandwidth a fiber cable can carry easily exceeds that of a
copper cable with similar thickness. Fiber cables rated at 10 Gbps, 40
Gbps and 100 Gbps are standard.

ADVANTAGES

• Faster Speeds.

• Fiber optic cables have a core that carries light to transmit data

• Longer Distances

• Better Reliability
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• Thinner and Sturdier

• More Flexibility for the Future

• Lower Total Cost of Ownership