BUILDING

SERVICE SYSTEMS
CE409 BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGN
WHAT IS A
BUILDING?
A structure that has a roof and walls and stands permanently in one place.
The primary function of buildings is to provide shelter to its occupants.
WHAT IS BUILDING
SERVICE?
Building function cannot be limited to provide shelter only. Basically
“Building Services” is what that make the building comes to life. i.e. what
makes the building work.
Building should be designed in such a way to provide an
environment
where people can feel comfortable, work, live and achieve.
So, everything inside a building which makes it safe and comfortable,
comes under “Building Services”.
WHAT IS BUILDING
SERVICE?
A building must do what it was designed to do - not just provide shelter
but also provide a safe, comfortable and livable environment.
Building services contribute largely to the sustainability and functioning of
the building.
Building services systems are essential provisions for a building,
accounting for 20% to 40% of the total construction cost.
WHAT IS BUILDING
SERVICE?
INTRODUCTION
Building service is one of the important parts for a building because it will
make a building to function well. Building service is responsible for the
design, installation, and operation and monitoring of the mechanical,
electrical and public health systems required for the safe, comfortable and
environmentally friendly operation of modern buildings. Modern
technology of building service can make a building to become more safety
or more comfortable. While building developers are increasingly being
asked to analyze and improve building security, developing technologies
assisting engineers in the pursuit of safe working environments couldn't
have better timing.
INTRODUCTION
Hence, innovation of new building service is important so that the level of
safety and comfortable can be increases. Building services influence the
architecture of a building and play a significant role on the sustainability
and energy demand of a building. Within building services engineering,
new roles are emerging, for example in the areas of renewable energy,
sustainability, low carbon technologies and energy management. With
buildings accounting for around 50% of all carbon emissions, building
services engineers play a significant role in combating climate change.
INTRODUCTION
As such, a typical building services engineer has a wide-ranging career
path. Communication lines, telephones and IT networks (ICT) also make
an important role in building service, and the modern technology for the
ICT is fiber optics that makes use of fiber optics than normal internet
cable, hence this can hugely increases the speed of internet because
fibers are used instead of metal wires because signals travel along them
with less loss and are also immune to electromagnetic interference. Fibers
are also used for illumination, and are wrapped in bundles so they can be
used to carry images, thus allowing viewing in tight spaces.
Building services
include:
 HVAC
 Water supply
 Drainage and Plumbing
 Lighting-Day and Artificial
 Communications, Telephones and IT Networks
 Energy Supply- Gas, Electricity and renewable resources
 Automation
 Kitchen
Building services
include:
 Acoustics
 Fire Detection and Protection
 Security and Alarm Systems
 Escalators and Lifts
 Ventilation and Refrigeration
 Harnessing Solar, Wind and Biomass energy
 Facade Engineering
IMPORTANCE OF
BUILDING
SERVICES
Today with the advancement of sciences and technology, all those building
services listed above are more modern and became indispensable for
buildings.
As an example certain types of building such as department store or
industrial buildings are almost 100% dependent of electrical lighting,
ventilating and space heating.
High rise buildings rely on vertical transportation and high speed pressure
for water supply.
IMPORTANCE OF
BUILDING
SERVICES
Although those services are indispensable for modern buildings, they also
have an impact. In fact the implementation of those services demands a
considerable amount of floor and ceiling so proper planning is necessary
for their allocation.
Increase of ceiling and floors will lead to an increase of the cost of
construction to which building construction team should be aware of. One
of the considerable impacts on building is the increase of energy
consumption which does not only affect the building but the environment
as well.
IMPORTANCE OF
BUILDING
SERVICES
In fact designing, construction, operating
and maintaining buildings
demand a considerable amount of energy, water and other resources
which lead to a large amounts of waste.
The complexity of mechanical and electrical systems varies according the
living standard of the society, the climatic conditions of the region and the
occupancy and quality of the building.
OBJECTIVES OF BUILDING
SERVICES ENGINEERING
DESIGN
 Hygiene (prevent disease & ensure health)
 Safety (protect against risks)
 Comfort (physio- & psycho- well-beings)
 Convenience (efficiency & productivity)
WORK
ACTIVITIES
Building services engineers design building services systems. They also
supervise their installation and operation. Certain types of buildings need
complex building services.
For example, computer rooms need precise controls of temperature and
humidity, hospital operating theatres must be completely sterile and
factories must prevent any harmful fumes from going into the
atmosphere.
Office buildings, swimming pools, cold stores, museums and leisure
centers also have particular requirements that building services engineers
need to meet.
WORK
ACTIVITIES
Some building services engineers are mainly office-based as they
specialize in design work. They work closely with the architect, the
customer and other members of the design team to prepare a design for a
building project. This includes all drawings and detailed specifications for
use by the contractor. They often use computer-aided design (CAD)
packages for this work.
Designs must meet environmental needs, use energy efficiently and meet
the budget set by the customer. Engineers need overall knowledge of the
full range of building services, although they usually specialize in either
mechanical services or lighting/electrical services.
WORK
ACTIVITIES
Building services engineers maintain close links with other professionals
such as the construction manager and the surveyor to decide how many
staff are needed and to work out costs. They supervise the installation of
the building services and inspect the quality of the work, dealing with any
problems that arise.
BSE career opportunities also arise in the fields of Construction Project
Management and Facilities Management particularly in the area of modern
industrial facilities involving clean room manufacturing, such as in
pharmaceutical and electronics production.
WORK
ACTIVITIES
 Typical works of building services consulting firms include:
 Feasibility, inspection, technical reports, estimating
 Design, specification, drawings, tender procurement
 Contract management, site supervision, cost control
Activities vary according to the specialist area of work and employer (for
example, client/end-user, building contractor or engineering consultancy).
However, tasks typically involve:
 negotiating and developing project contracts and agreeing these with
clients, if working in consultancy, and putting out tenders;
 commissioning, organizing and assessing the work of contractors;
WORK
ACTIVITIES
 working with detailed diagrams, plans and drawings;
 using specialist computer-aided design (CAD) and
resources
software to design the systems required for the project; other
managing and forecasting spend, using whole life cycle
costing techniques, ensuring that work is kept to budget;
 designing site-specific equipment as required;
 overseeing and supervising the installation of building systems
and
specifying maintenance and operating procedures;
WORK
ACTIVITIES
 monitoring building systems and processes;
making decisions about expired systems equipment and the appropriate
location of new equipment;
 facilities management;
liaising closely with other professionals, including structural
engineers, builders, architects and surveyors, and in-house project
teams;
 attending a range of project group and technical meetings;
WORK
ACTIVITIES
 ensuring that the design and maintenance of building systems meets
legislative and health and safety requirements;
advising clients and architects on energy use and conservation in a
range of buildings and sites, aiming to minimize the environmental
impact and reduce the carbon footprint;
 working on a variety of projects within a short period of time.
CLASSIFICATION OF
BUILDING
SERVICES
Building should be design with features to provide better lighting,
comfortable space, temperature and air quality, convenient power and
communication capability, high quality sanitation and reliable systems for
the protection of life and property. Building services are mainly divided
into mechanical, electrical and building operation systems. They are all
very important and should be put into consideration during planning,
designing and construction of a building.
CLASSIFICATION OF
BUILDING
SERVICES
Mechanical systems include:
 HVAC Systems: heating, ventilation and air conditioning.
 Site drainage: water, drainage, sanitary disposal.
 Plumbing: water distribution, water treatment, sanitary facilities.
 Fire protection: water supply, stand pipe, fire and smoke
detection,
annunciation.
 Gas supply
CLASSIFICATION OF
BUILDING
SERVICES
Electrical systems include:
Electrical power: standby, emergency power supply
normal, distribution. and
 Lighting: interior, exterior, emergency light.
 Auxiliary: telephone, data, audio and video sound
CLASSIFICATION OF
BUILDING
SERVICES
Building operation systems include:
 Transportation: elevators, escalators, moving walkways.
 Processing: product, food, services.
 Automation: environmental control and management.
WATER SUPPLY
SYSTEM
The water distributed for fire protection, domestic, commercial,
agricultural, and industrial uses is treated. The general guidelines for
treated water are: The water must be clean, colorless, odorless, free from
suspension and harmful bacteria. Water supply system is set up in urban
and suburban areas, as well as most of the rural areas. The purpose of
distribution system is to deliver water to consumer with appropriate
quality, quantity and pressure.
WATER SUPPLY
SYSTEM
There are 3 types of water distribution system:
 Gravity system
 Direct pumped system
 Gravity and pumped combination.

The choice of the distribution system depends on the topography of the

site, location and extent of the distribution area and elevations and site
conditions.
Gravity and Pumped Combination
Distribution System
Cold Water Storage and
Distribution
Indirect Water System
for Domestic Uses
Diagram
Piping Sizing and
Plumbing
The selection of pipes and sizing varies according to different function
and purpose. Oversizing of pipes will result in high cost and it may be
unnecessary. It will also cause delay in receiving water at outlets.
However, undersizing of pipes may result in slow or even no water during
peak demand period. It will also create noise as the water pressure is too
high to flow through such a narrow pipe.
Piping Sizing and
Plumbing Type of Pipe Water System Usage Piping Description

Copper Pipe Type Distribution Pipe, Rising Rigid, Blue in Color, will
L Main, Service Pipe not corrode and
long lasting

PVC Overflow Pipe Rigid, lightweight, lifespan

of 30 years

Rigid, will corrode over

Galvanized Steel Rising Main, Supply Main time, long lasting due to
galvanized process
Piping Sizing and
PlumbingPipe Usage Diameter (inches)

Rising Main 6

Overflow Pipe 5

Distribution Pipe 4

Service Pipe 3 and below

Electrical Supply
System
Electricity is the most dominant kind of energy in a modern building.
Electricity supplies electrical outlets and lighting fixtures. Ventilation,
heating, and cooling equipment depend upon electrical energy. Electricity
provides energy for elevators and materials transporters, and energy for
signal and communication equipment.
Lighting is the major user of electrical energy in most buildings. In
commercial buildings, motors are the second heaviest use of electrical
energy, for heating, ventilating, and air- conditioning (HVAC) systems,
plumbing pumps, elevators and most industrial processes. As a designer,
we have responsibility for seeing that power is available where needed
for our client’s equipment, and for making sure that the lighting and
appliances are appropriate and energy efficient.
General
Distribution
Emergency Power
System
An emergency power system is an independent source of electrical power
that supports important electrical systems on loss of normal power
supply. A standby power system may include a standby generator,
batteries and other apparatus. Emergency power systems are installed to
protect life and property from the effect of loss of primary electric power
supply.
Mains power can be lost due to downed lines, malfunctions at a sub-
station, inclement condition, planned blackouts or in extreme cases a
grid-wide failure. In modern buildings, most emergency power systems
have been and are still based on generators. Normally, these generators
are Diesel engine driven, although smaller buildings may use a gas
engine driven generator and larger ones a gas turbine.
Switch
Board
There are multiple elements that make up a switchboard. Included in the
list of elements are a frame, buses, overcurrent protective devices,
service metering, and outer covers.
Distribution
Board
A distribution board is a control board or
enclosure that houses the fuses, circuit
breakers, and ground leakage protection
units used to distribute electrical power to
numerous individual circuits or consumer
points. The board typically has a single
incoming power source and includes a main
circuit and a residual current or earth
leakage protection device.
SEWERAGE, SANITARY AND
DRAINAGE
In order to manage human waste, industry waste and excess rainwater to
keep the living area of human clean and comfortable, the drainage
system, sewerage system and sanitary appliances play an important role.
Drainage system is a system of piping to run off excess water whereas
sewage system is to dispose the waste water and solids in a proper way.
Waste water also called sewage, it can be defined as any liquid waste
that contains animal, vegetable or chemical waste in solution. A fixture
that connected to the sewer pipe is sanitary appliance which allows a
person to put in sewage or liquids into the sewerage system and the
medium used to flush the sewage into the sewer pipe is water.
SEWERAG
Ewaste.
Sewerage is considered as the collection, treatment and disposal of liquid
Physical structures required for that collection, treatment and
disposal are all included in sewerage work.
Sewage is the liquid waste carried by a sewer and may include domestic
and industrial discharges as well as storm sewage, infiltration and inflow.
Sewage which forms in the sanitary conveniences of dwellings,
commercial or industrial facilities and institutions is sanitary sewage.
Storm sewage is flow derived from rainfall events and carried into sewers
intended for its transporting.
Combined Sewer and Separated
Sewer
Combined sewer is designed to collect rainwater runoff, domestic sewage
and industrial wastewater in the same pipe then transport to a sewage
treatment plant to be treated and discharged to a water body. Between
dry and wet weather, there will be large distribution in flow which will
caused the combined sewer overflows. This overflow may cause serious
pollution to the environment.
Combined Sewer and Separated
Sewer
Separated sewer is designed to collect storm water and wastewater with
separate pipe. The system will be split into sanitary sewer system and
storm sewer system and they will collect and direct waste water and
storm water respectively. This provide more capacity and prevent
flooding. Besides, it also allow stormwater to be used as water resources
and prevent untreated amount of overflow directly into our waterbody.
Roof
Drain
It is used to direct rainwater from the roof to the ground to prevent
rainwater from pooling at the roof. This help to prevent extra water load
adding to the building. Besides, roof drain allows drainage for rainwater
without clogging.
Manhol
evisual
It provides access to a sewer for testing,
inspection of sewers, maintenance
of flow or water quality-monitoring
instruments and removing obstruction in
the sewer line. Furthermore, it also
allows joining of sewer or alignment of
sewer or both and help in ventilation of
sewage. It is provided when there is
change in grades or sizes of sewer.
Normally, at the junction of two or more
sewer there will be manhole provided.
MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEM
Mechanical transportation systems also allow people who were previously
unable to climb stairs, for example the disabled and the elderly to move
throughout a building. It also enables structures to be built higher as
building materials can be transported easily to upper floors when
constructing the building.
Vertical transportation consists of elevators and escalators while horizontal
transportation consists of travelators.
MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEM
Elevators are the most commonly used mode of vertical transportation in
modern buildings, namely commercial, office, and residential structures
having more than three stories. Elevators are used to move persons from
levels to levels within a structure.
Elevators are also used to move goods and in some cases motor vehicles.
They provide ease of movement between floors as well as function as a
transportation device for various goods.
Type of
Elevator
There are two types of elevator system which is traction elevator and
hydraulic elevator. Traction elevator includes geared traction, gearless
traction, and machine-room less.
For hydraulic elevator, it includes conventional hydraulic elevator,
holeless
hydraulic elevator and roped hydraulic elevator.
Traction
Elevator
Traction elevators are lifted by ropes, which pass over a wheel attached to
an electric motor above the elevator shaft. They are used for mid and
high-rise applications and have much higher travel speeds than hydraulic
elevators. A counter weight makes the elevators more efficient by
offsetting the weight of the car and occupants so that the motor doesn't
have to move as much weight.
Traction
Elevator

Passenger Elevator Fireman’s Elevator

Traction
Elevator

Freight Elevator
Hydraulic Elevator
Hydraulic elevators are supported by a piston at the bottom of the elevator
that pushes the elevator up as an electric motor forces oil or another
hydraulic fluid into the piston. The elevator descends as a valve releases
the fluid from the piston. They are used for low-rise applications of 2-8
stories and travel at a maximum speed of 200 feet per minute. The
machine room for hydraulic elevators is located at the lowest level
adjacent to the elevator shaft.
Elevator
Components
Elevator has two main elements
is
which

the elevator car and the elevator shaft.

Elevator Car
The primary components of
an
1. elevator
Car sling car are:
2. The elevator cabin
3. Car Operating Panel
4. Car Door
5. Car Operator
6. Guide Shoes
7 Entrance-protection system
Car
Sling
A car sling is the framework
which encloses the cab. The
ropes, guides, and platform are
attached to the sling. The width
and height of the sling depends
on the platform width and cab
height respectively.
Elevator
Cabin
The elevator cabinet is the interior of the car
where passengers stand while being
transported. The cabinets are completely
enclosed with openings being only the car
door, an emergency trap door as well as
ventilation apertures. An elevator cabinet
has many choices for the finished interior
materials such as stainless steel, cold rolled
steel, bronze and plastic laminate.
Car Operating
Panel
Car Operating Panel is a device mounted inside
a car, on which the items necessary for car
operation such as Car Buttons, Door Open/Close
Buttons, Alarm Button, and Inter
Communication System are located. Some
panels are provided with switches and buttons
that are used by elevator operators and others,
inside the Service Cabinet.
Controls that do not concern the normal
passenger are grouped in a locked compartment
in the car panel. These include a hand
operation switch; light, fan, and power
switches; and any special control such as
security and emergency device.
Car
Door
All the passenger and fireman’s elevators use
center opening elevator car door. As for the
freight elevator/ cargo lift, the door used is a
two vertical sliding doors. The two vertical
sliding doors can either be operated
automatically or manually. Most elevators only
have a front opening door.
Car
Operator
A door operator is a motor-driven device mounted on the elevator
car
that opens and closes the car doors.
Guide
Shoes
Elevator car doors contain guide shoes which are
devices used to guide both car and
counterweight along the path of the guide rails.
In addition they also make sure that the lateral
motion of the car and counterweight is kept at a
bare minimum while it is travelling along the
guide rails.
Roller Guides are guide shoes which use rollers
that rotate on guide rails (A set of three wheels
that roll against the guide rails) rather than
sliding on the rails.
Entrance Protection
System
All automatic elevators, regardless of whether or
not equipped with detection beams, are required
by ANSI to have safety edge device on the car
doors that causes the car and hoistway doors,
which operate in synchrony, to reopen when the
safety edge meets any obstruction. Car doors
are arranged to ‘’nudge’ when almost closed or
after a specific time period.
Elevator Shaft
An elevator shaft is the space enclosed by fireproof walls and elevator
doors which houses the elevator as well as the pit. The shaft terminates
at the underside of the overhead machinery space floor or at the
underside of the roof.
The main components of an elevator shaft are:
1. Guide rails for both the car and counterweight.
2. Counterweight.
3. Suspension Cables.
4. Landing doors.
5. Buffers in the pit.
Guide
Rails
The guide rails of an elevator are made of steel with a ‘T’ shape. Guide
rails are used to guide and direct the course of travel of an elevator car
and elevator counterweights and is usually mounted on the sides of the
shaft.
Traction elevators use two sets of guide rails. The rails to guide the
elevator car are called main rails while the rails to guide the
counterweight are called counterweight rails.
Counter
Weight
The counterweights consist of individual flat
plates of steel. The number of plates in the stack
depends on the amount of weight required. The
counterweights are secured within the
counterweight frame by rods that run through the
weights themselves. This design prevents the
plates from becoming loose and falling out.
Suspension
Cables
Elevator cables are used to suspend and bear the weight of the elevator
car and counterweight. They are generally made from thick steel wire
ropes. They are used on traction elevators, and are usually attached to
the crosshead and extending up into the motor while looping over the
sheave on the motor and then down to the counter weights.
Landing
Door
Landing door is installed to connect every floor of the building to the lift
shaft. Landing door works dependently in conjunction with the elevator
car door. It is opened or closed by electric motors. During emergency, the
landing door can be opened or closed manually like the elevator car door.
The difference between the car doors and the landing doors is that the
elevator car door travels through the hoistway with the car but the
landing doors are fixed doors in each landing floor.
Escalator
System
An escalator is a moving staircase generated by
an electric motor. Escalator is able to carry
people between floors of a building. The device
consists of a motor-driven chain of individual,
linked steps that move up or down on tracks,
allowing the step treads to remain horizontal.
Arrangement of
Escalator
Escalators are constructed in two ways which are parallel arrangement
and crisscross arrangement. The difference between the two arrangement
is that in the crisscross arrangement, the upper and lower terminal
entrances and the exits to the up and down escalators are separated by
the horizontal length of an escalator, whereas in either of the parallel
arrangements the two escalators face in the same direction.
Arrangement of
Escalator

Parallel escalator arrangement

Arrangement of
Escalator

Crisscross escalator arrangement

Escalator
Components
Escalator
Truss
An escalator truss is the structural
frame of an escalator consisting of
the lower section, incline section,
and upper section. It is made of a
hollow metal structure that bridges
the lower and upper landings
composed of two side sections
joined together with cross braces
across the bottom and just below
the top.
Escalator
Steps
Escalator steps are solid aluminum
or steel linked by a continuous
metal chain that forms a closed
loop. The edge of each step is
connected to two wheels attached
to the tracks, to enable the control
of the orientation of the steps by
the tracks.
AIR-CONDITIONING AND
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
Air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation systems executes cooling for
commercial, residential or industry buildings. Air-conditioning systems are
responsible for providing fresh outdoor air to regulate the indoor
contaminants such as smells from occupants, volatile organic compounds
(VOC’s) emitted from interior furnishings, cleaning chemicals, etc. A
properly maintained and designed system will provide a continuous flow
of fresh air in a building.
AIR-CONDITIONING AND
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
Every air-conditioning system is designed to carry out either for comfort
or industrial purposes. Air-conditioners designed for comfort purposes
are usually found in homes, restaurants, hospitals, vehicles and public
transports. They function to remove discomfort of allergies and help
preserve the thermal comfort of a building.
There are four types of air conditioning systems:
1. The Window Air Conditioning System
2. Split Air Conditioning System
3. Centralized Air Conditioning System
4. Packaged Air Conditioning System
FIRE PROTECTION
SYSTEM
Buildings commonly contain three basic sources of ignition: chemical,
electrical, and mechanical. In chemical combustion, most commonly
known as spontaneous combustion, some chemicals reach ignition at
ordinary temperatures within buildings. Electrical heat energy is most
commonly supplied by resistance heating, a familiar process in many
appliances and in space-heating equipment. Mechanical heat energy is
produced by friction, by overheating of machinery, and occasionally by
the heat of compression.
Alarm Initiation
Devices
SMOKE DETECTOR
Two common used smoke detectors are
optical smoke detector and ionization
smoke detector. Smoke detectors can
detect the presence of smoke in an area
when it reached the ceiling where the
detector is normally located. Smoke
detector is an automatic actuating device
which is a first device to detect fire and
notify the occupants in the building. It
normally connected to the alarm system
and power by central alarm system or a
fire suppression system.
Alarm Initiation
Devices
Gas Detector
Gas detector measures and indicates the
concentration of certain gases in an air
via different technologies. Generally used
to prevent toxic exposure and fire, gas
detectors are often battery operated
devices used for safety purposes. Gas
detector is manufactured as portable or
stationary unit and work by signifying
high levels of gases through a series of
audible or visible indicators, such as
alarms, lights or a combination of signals.
Alarm Initiation
Devices
Break-glass
Break-glass is a manual actuating device
to activate fire alarm. Electrically
operated alarm may be operated from
break glass call point and, once
operated; the alarm will continue to
sound automatically. The usual maximum
travel distance to operate the alarm is
30m and the call points should be fitted
at a height of about 1.4m above the
floor, either on landings or corridors. The
call point contains a depressed plunger
pressing against a glass front.
Notification Appliances
Alarm Bell
Alarm bell may be used for fire alarm
signals where their sound is distinctive
and will not confused with similar audible
signals used for other purpose. Bells may
be provided with 4-inch through 12-inch
gongs (in 2-inch increments).
The 6- and 10-inch sizes are the most
commonly used. Usually, bells with 4-
inch gongs are reserved for use as trouble
signals. Generally, the larger the diameter
of the gongs, the lower the frequency
and the louder the audible signal.
Notification Appliances
Speaker
Speakers are frequently used as fire alarm
signalling appliances. Since they
reproduce electronic signals, they can be
made to sound like any mechanical
signalling device and have the capability
of reproducing unique sounds that are
not practical on mechanical appliances.
In addition, they may be used to give live
or recorded voice instructions.
Notification Appliances
Siren
Sirens usually are limited to outdoor
applications but are sometimes used in
extremely noisy indoor areas. Sirens are
motor-driven or electronic appliances and
may be either alternating or direct current
operated. They are not very practical for
use as coded audible signals.
Lighting and
Signage
Emergency Exit Sign
Emergency exit sign is part of a complete
life safety and fire protection system and
is required in all public buildings. Exit
signs are positioned at doorways and
stairwells and are always illuminated.
Emergency lights are usually installed
inside, however, exterior pathways,
parades and some public venues also
have emergency lighting. The right light
depends on a variety of factors.
Lighting and
Signage
Emergency Exit Light
Emergency lighting is lighting for an
emergency situation when the main
power supply is cut and any normal
illumination fails. The loss of mains
electricity could be the result of a fire or a
power cut and the normal lighting
supplies fail. This may lead to sudden
darkness and a possible danger to the
occupants, either through physical danger
or panic.
Lighting and
Signage
Fire Indicator Light
Fire detectors like smoke or gas detector
are used to trigger the fire alarm. They
are connected in parallel with each other
but in series with the indicator lights.
Once the fire detectors are activated, the
fire indicator light will turn RED from
GREEN to indicate a fire or overheat
condition. Fire indicator lights often use
for electrical room, gen-set room, AHU
room and etc.
Fire Control/ Extinguishing
Systems
Fire Hydrant System
The fire hydrant system is the backbone
of the firefighting systems in a building or
premises. The system is a water
distribution system consisting of water
tank, suction piping, fire pumps and a
distributed piping system. The distributed
piping system establishes connectivity
throughout the building through fire
hydrants, hoses and nozzles. The purpose
of the fire hydrant system is to provide a
readily available source of water to any
point throughout the building. This helps
in controlling fire during an emergency.
Fire Control/ Extinguishing
Systems
Sprinkler System
Typically, a Fire Sprinkler Systems are
made up from a series of components
including stop valve, alarm valve, fire
sprinkler, alarm test valve and motorized
alarm bell. In addition to this there are
additional components that support this
arrangement including a valve monitor,
pressure switch and flow switch.
Fire Control/ Extinguishing
Systems
Hose Reel System
Hose reel system is intended for the
occupant to use during the early stages of
fire and comprises hose reel pumps, fire
water tank, hose reels, pipe work and
valves. The hose reel system generally
serves as an initial firefighting aid. The
system is manually operated and
activated by opening a valve enabling the
water to flow into the hose that is
typically 30 meters away.
Fire Control/ Extinguishing
Systems
Wet Riser System
The wet riser system is a typical
installation in a high-rise building. It is
used to supply water from the wet riser
water tank, through wet riser pipes,
distributed to each floor, and ending at
the canvas hoses and hose reels.
Fire Control/ Extinguishing
Systems
Carbon Dioxide Fire Suppression
System
Carbon Dioxide (CO²) is a clean and
efficient fire extinguisher agent. It is
colorless, non-conductive and non-
corrosive inert gas which evaporates
without leaving any residue after
discharge. CO² works by smothering the
flames and reducing the flames and
reducing the oxygen content in the vapor
phase of fuel or both in the air to the
point where the combustion stops.
Fire Control/ Extinguishing
Systems
Fire Extinguisher
Fire extinguishers are extremely valuable for
extinguishing fires at the early stages, but they
cannot be used successfully to deal with large
fires. Portable fire extinguishers are the first-aid
firefighting appliances which can be carried by
hand and from which the extinguishing agent
can be expelled, usually under pressure.
Fire Control/ Extinguishing
Systems
Fire Extinguisher
Fire Control/ Extinguishing
Systems
Fireman Switch
The fireman switch is a
disconnect
switch- or isolator special
applications.
for These switches are on
the outside wall of commercial
buildings. They are designed to by
easy to spot and are used by firemen
to turn off neon-lighting or other
hazardous electrical equipment in
case of fire.
Fire
Staircase
A fire escape is an emergency exit, usually installed at the outside of a
building or sometimes inside but separate from the main areas of the
building. It provides a method of escape in the event of a fire or other
emergency that makes the stairwells inside a building inaccessible.