CHAPTER 2:

Lesson 1
FACTORISATION &
ALGEBRAIC
FRACTIONS
FORM 2 KSSM
Prepared by:
Teacher_Azlina
Can you find the total area of PQ & RS? Explain the meaning of the
expansion of two algebraic
x y expressions and expand two
algebraic expressions
6 PQ 6 RS
𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚=𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉×𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉
𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚=¿ 𝟔𝒚
Can you find the total area of PQ & RS? Explain the meaning of the
expansion of two algebraic
x y + expressions and expand two
algebraic expressions
6 PQ 6 RS
𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚=𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉×𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉
𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚=¿ 𝟔𝒚 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚=¿ (𝒙+𝒚 ) We call this process as
expansion of algebraic
expression
multiply every term inside the bracket
by the term outside the bracket.

+𝟔 𝒚
Example 1
Expand two algebraic
Tips
Expand the following expression When there is a negative expressions
term outside the bracket,
the signs of the multiplied
(a) 3p(4 – 2p) = 12p – 6p2 terms change.

(b) −𝑎 ( 2 𝑎2 −3 𝑎+1 ) =¿ −𝟐 𝒂𝟑+𝟑 𝒂 𝟐− 𝒂

2𝑦 3 1 2
(c)
− ( 9 𝑦 − 3 𝑥+6 𝑥 )=¿ −𝟔 𝒚 𝟐+𝟐 𝒙𝒚−𝟒 𝒙𝒚
31

(d) − ( 5 𝑛−3 )=¿ −𝟓𝒏+𝟑

–1
Example 2
Expand two algebraic
expressions
Now we try to expand 2 algebraic expression in 2
brackets.

(𝑥 −5)(𝑥+2) multiply every term in the first bracket

with every term in the second bracket.

𝑥(𝑥+ 2) −5 (𝑥 +2) Expand each term

𝑥2 +2 𝑥 −5 𝑥 −10 Solve the like term

Tips
−3 𝑥 When there is a negative
term outside the bracket,
𝑥2 −3 𝑥 − 10 the signs of the multiplied
terms change.
Example 2
Expand two algebraic
Expand the following expression expressions
−2 𝑡
(b) ( 3+𝑡 )( 4 −2 𝑡 )=¿ 12−6 𝑡 +4 𝑡 −2 𝑡 2
2
¿ 12− 2𝑡 − 2 𝑡 Arrange from the
highest power to the
¿ −2 𝑡 2 −2 𝑡 +12 lowers power

Tips
When there is a negative
term outside the bracket,
the signs of the multiplied
terms change.
Example 2
Expand two algebraic
Expand the following expression expressions

−2 𝑟𝑠
(c) (3 𝑟 +4 𝑠)(𝑟 − 2 𝑠)=¿ 3 𝑟 2 −6 𝑟𝑠+4 𝑟𝑠− 8 𝑠2
¿ 3 𝑟 2 −2 𝑟𝑠 −8 𝑟 2

Tips
When there is a negative
term outside the bracket,
the signs of the multiplied
terms change.
Example 2
Expand two algebraic
Expand the following expression expressions

(d) ( 2 −3 𝑎 )2=¿ (2 −3 𝑎)(2 − 3 𝑎)

A square of a
quantity means
multiply by itself
¿ 4 −6 𝑎−6 𝑎+9 𝑎2
−12 𝑎

¿ 9 𝑎2 − 12 𝑎+ 4 Tips
When there is a negative
term outside the bracket,
the signs of the multiplied
terms change.
Example 3
S i m p l i fy a l g e b r a i c e x p r e s si o n s
i n v o l v i n g c o m b i n e d o p e r a ti o n s ,
Expand and simplify i n c l u d i n g e x p a n s i on

2 ( 3 𝑛− 4 ) +3 (3 𝑛+5) multiply the bracket and collect

together like term

6 𝑛−8 +9 𝑛+15

15 𝑛 +7
Tips
When there is a negative
term outside the bracket,
the signs of the multiplied
terms change.
Example 3
S i m p l i fy a l g e b r a i c e x p r e s si o n s
i n v o l v i n g c o m b i n e d o p e r a ti o n s ,
Expand and simplify i n c l u d i n g e x p a n s i on

(b) 5 ( 3 𝑥+2 𝑦 ) − 𝑥 (2+5 𝑦 )

15 𝑥+10 𝑦 −2 𝑥 −5 𝑥𝑦

13 𝑥+10 𝑦 −5 𝑥𝑦
Tips
When there is a negative
term outside the bracket,
the signs of the multiplied
terms change.
Example 3
S i m p l i fy a l g e b r a i c e x p r e s si o n s
i n v o l v i n g c o m b i n e d o p e r a ti o n s ,
Expand and simplify i n c l u d i n g e x p a n s i on

(c) ( 𝑟 −3 𝑡 )2+ 4 𝑟𝑡 =¿ ( 𝑟 −3 𝑡 )( 𝑟 −3 𝑡 )+4

+4 𝑟𝑡

¿ 𝑟 2 −3 𝑟𝑡−3 𝑟𝑡 +9 𝑡 2
−2 𝑟𝑡
¿ 𝑟 2 +9 𝑡 2 −2 𝑟𝑡 Tips
When there is a negative
term outside the bracket,
the signs of the multiplied
terms change.
Example 3
S i m p l i fy a l g e b r a i c e x p r e s si o n s
i n v o l v i n g c o m b i n e d o p e r a ti o n s ,
Expand and simplify i n c l u d i n g e x p a n s i on

(d) ( 𝑥+ 𝑦 )( 𝑥 − 𝑦 ) + 𝑥(𝑥 − 2 𝑦 )

¿ 𝑥2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2+ 𝑥2 −2 𝑥𝑦

¿ 2 𝑥 2−2 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 Tips
When there is a negative
term outside the bracket,
the signs of the multiplied
terms change.
Example 4

S ol ve pr o ble m s in vo lvi n g exp ans io n

Puan Maria has a rectangular carpet with (3r – 2) metre in length of two al ge br a ic ex pr ess io ns
and (r + 1) metre in width. Calculate the area of her carpet.

𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚=𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉×𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉

¿(3 𝑟 − 2)(𝑟 +1)

Tips
¿ 3 𝑟 2 +3 𝑟 −2 𝑟 −2 When there is a negative
term outside the bracket,
the signs of the multiplied
¿ 3 𝑟 2 +𝑟 −2 terms change.
Example 4

S ol ve pr o ble m s in vo lvi n g exp ans io n

Ramesh received RM50 pocket money for (y – 8) days. Everyday he of two al ge br a ic ex pr ess io ns
spends RM(x – 3) for a cup of coffee and RM(x + 4) for a bowl of
mee rebus. How much pocket money is he left with?

Idea?
𝐑𝐌𝟓𝟎−(𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐬×𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐚𝐲)
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐝𝐚𝐲=¿
( 𝒙 −𝟑 )+(𝒙+𝟒)
¿ 𝒙 −𝟑+𝒙 +𝟒
¿ 𝟐 𝒙+𝟏
Tips
𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐨𝐟 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐬=¿
( 𝟐 𝒙+𝟏 ) (𝒚 −𝟖) When there is a negative
¿𝟐 𝒙𝒚 −𝟏𝟔 𝒙 +𝒚 −𝟖 term outside the bracket,
the signs of the multiplied
𝐏𝐨𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐭𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐲 𝐥𝐞𝐟𝐭=¿ terms change.

¿𝐑𝐌(𝟓𝟖−𝟐 𝒙𝒚 +𝟏𝟔 𝒙 − 𝒚 )
SELF PRACTICE 2.1
Text book page 26
No 1 - 8