PLANTS AND ITS

STRUCTURE
LESSON 3
Photosynthesis
What is it?
- a process by which plants makes their
own food.
-the conversion of sunlight to energy.

Chlorophyll
- green pigment used in photosyn-
thesis
TWO TYPES OF REACTION
Light Dependent Reaction
- occurs in the thylakoid.
-occurs where the sun’s light
energy is absorbed by
chlorophyll.
Light Independent Reaction
- occurs in the stroma.
- it does not need light to func-
tion but needs the product of
light reaction.
- the product of this reaction
is sugar.
PROCESSES
Cellular Respiration

- is the process by which chemical energy of food molecules is

released and partially captured in the form of ATP
(Adenosine Triphosphate)
- it is referred to as the enzymatic breakdown of glucose (sugar) in
the presence of oxygen to produce cellular energy (ATP)

- occurs in the mitochondria

PROCESSES
Glycolysis

- occurs in the cytosol.

- it is the process by which glucose (6-carbon sugar)
is broken down into two molecules of
pyruvate (3-carbon sugar)
- the products of this process are 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP
and 2 NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
molecules.

Pyruvate- the ionized form of a three-carbon acid and it is

the product of glycolysis.
PROCESSES
Krebs Cycle
- occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and generates a
pool of chemical energy (ATP, NADH & )
from the oxidation of pyruvate.
- CITRIC ACID CYCLE

Fermentation

- it complements glycolysis and makes it possible for ATP

to be continually produced in the absence of oxygen.
Major Parts of a Plant
Roots
- serves as the anchorage of the
plant.
- it absorbs water and nutrients
from the soil.
Stem
- it supports the plant, so it can get
sunlight.
- it carries water and nutrients from
roots to different parts of the plant.
Leaves- captures sunlight to make
food.
Flowers- the reproductive parts of
most plants.
 
Parts of a Flower
Sepals- green leaves that pro-
tect the bud until it opens.
Petals- are often brightly col-
ored to attract pollinators.
Pistil- female reproductive part
of the flower which consists of:
– Stigma- the sticky part
that catches the pollen
grains.
– Style- is the long tube-
like part that connects
the stigma to the
ovary.
– Ovary- where the
seeds are produced.
Parts of a Flower
Stamen- male reproductive
part of the flower which
consists of:
– Anther- produces
the pollen grains.
– Filament- supports
the anther.
– Pollen- tiny grains
containing the sperm
that is necessary for
sexual reproduction.