Unity and Coherence

Group 3
Member of Group 3
1. ACHMAD DHIYA KAMALUDIN
2. IRSYAD MUHAMAD ZAKI
3. MEGA AYU AMBARWATI
4. SALSABILLA NURUL FATIKA
 Unity and Coherence in paragraph

Paragraphs should have both coherence and unity. A paragraph with unity develops
a single idea thoroughly and links it to the rest of the paper. Paragraph coherence is
achieved when sentences are ordered in a logical manner and when clear
transitions link sentences
 Definition of Unity and Coherence

WHAT Is unity means?

If your paragraph is
about the advantages
Unity means that a of owning a compact
paragraph discusses car, discuss only that.
one and only one
main idea from
Example Do not discuss the
disadvantages in the
beginning to end.
same paragraph.
 Example in paragraph

The Beauty of Nature

Nature is fascinating. With all the diversity of living and

species, colors, and shapes, it has its own logic and rules. In its
own way, it is beautiful and perfect. Unfortunately, many don’t
see it as perfection, and, perhaps not intentionally, they don’t
respect her and hurt her. As soon as possible they realize how
fascinating nature is and how many perfect things it brings to
the world, it will be saved.
 Definition of Unity and Coherence
WHAT Is Coherence means?
the sentences must hold
together; that is, the
movement from one
sentence to the next must
be logical and smooth.
There must be no sudden
jumps. Each sentence
should flow smoothly into
the next one.
Gold
Gold, a precious metal, is prized for
two important characteristics. First of
all, gold has a lustrous beauty that is
resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is
suitable for jewelry, coins, ornamental
purposes. Gold never needs to be
polished and will remain beautiful
forever. For example, a Macedonian
coin remains as untarnished today as
the day it was made 25 centuries ago.
Another important characteristic of
Example gold is its usefulness to. industry and
science. For many years, it has been
used in hundreds of industrial
applications, such as photography
and dentistry. The most recent use of
gold is in astronauts' suits. Astronauts
wear gold-plated heat shields for
protection when they go outside
spaceships in space. ln conclusion,
gold is treasured not only for its
beauty but also for its utility.
 Example in paragraph
Gold

Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important

characteristics. First of all, gold has a lustrous beauty that is
resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry,
coins, ornamental purposes. Gold never needs to be polished
and will remain beautiful forever. For example, a Macedonian
coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was made 25
centuries ago. Another important characteristic of gold is its
usefulness to industry and science. For many years, it has
been used in hundreds of industrial applications, such as
photography and dentistry. The most recent use of gold is in
astronauts' suits. Astronauts wear gold-plated heat shields for
protection when they go outside spaceships in space. ln
conclusion, gold is treasured not only for its beauty but also
for its utility.

Note: Repetition of key nouns

Key nouns substitutes
Transition signals
 four ways to achieve coherence:

1. Repeat key nouns.

2. Use consistent pronouns.
3. Use transition signals to link ideas.
4. Arrange your ideas in logical order.
 Repetition of Key Noun
The easiest way to achieve coherence is to repeat key nouns frequently in
your paragraph. There is no fixed rule about how often to repeat key nouns
or when to substitute pronouns. You should repeat a key noun instead of
using a pronoun when the meaning is not clear.

Key Noun Substitution

If you do not wish to repeat a key noun again and again, you can use
synonyms or expressions with the same meaning.
 Consistent pronouns
There are different pronouns depending on gender and whether the noun is plural or
singular. Use pronouns consistently When using pronouns, make sure you maintain the
same or matching pronoun throughout a sentence and paragraph. When you use
pronouns, make sure that you use the same person and number throughout your
paragraph. example

A student (Students) who knows (know) a few Latin and Greek roots and prefixes has
(have) an advantage over a student (students) who does not (do not) know them. They
can often guess the meaning of new words. Id, for example, you (students)know that the
prefix omni means “all”, you (they) have better chance of guessing the meanings of words
such as omnibus, omnipresent, and omnidirectional. Furthermore, a student (students)
who knows (know) that the root sci- comes from scire. “to know”, can guess that
omniscient means “all-knowing”.
 Transition signals
Transition signals are expressions such as first, finally, and however, or phrases such as in
conclusion, on the other hand, and as a result. Other kinds of words such as subordinators
(when, although), coordinators (and, but), adjectives (another, additional), and prepositions
(because of, in spite of) can serve as transition signals.
Transition signals give a paragraph coherence because they guide your reader from one
idea to the next. (Example in gold paragraph page 6)
 Logical Order

to using transition signals and repeating key nouns and pronouns, a

fourth way to achieve coherence is to arrange your sentences in some kind of logical order.
Your choice of one kind of logical order over another will, of course, depend on
your topic and your purpose. You may even combine two or more different logical
orders in the same paragraph. The important point to remember is to arrange your
ideas in some kind of order that is logical to a reader accustomed to the English way
of writing.
 Logical Order
Some common kinds of logical order in English are chronological order, logical division of
ideas, and comparison/contrast:

• Chronological order is order by time-a sequence of events or steps in a process. The

model paragraph on how to grow an avocado tree (page 33) uses time order to organize the
steps.

• In logical division of ideas, a topic is divided into parts, and each part is discussed
separately. The model paragraph about gold on page 3 uses logical division. First, it
discusses gold's beauty, and second its utility.

• In a comparison/contrast paragraph, the similarities and/or differences between two or

more items are discussed. The paragraph about synonyms on page 5 compares and
contrasts word meanings.
THANK YOU