UNIT Before Reading this text, answer these questions

14
1. What is Engineering Materials?
2. What are types of Engineering Materials?
3. What are classification of Engineering Materials?

ENGINEERING MATERIALS

Engineers have to know the best and the most economical

materials to use. Engineers must also understand the properties of
these materials and to know how they can be worked. There are two
kinds of materials used in engineering, metals and non-metals. We
can divide metals into ferrous and non ferrous. The former contains
iron and the latter do not contain iron. Cast iron and steel, which are
both alloys are mixtures of iron and carbon, are two most important
ferrous metals. Steel contains a smaller proportion of carbon that cast
iron does. Certain element can improve the properties of steel and are
therefore added to it. For example, chronium maybe included to resist
corrosion and tungsten to increase hardness. Alumunium, copper and
the alloys, bronze and brass are common non ferrous metal.

Plastic and ceramics are non-metals. However , plastic may be

machined like metals. Plastic are classified into two types,
thermoplastics and thermoset, but thermoset can be reshaped because
they undergo chemical change as they harden. Ceramics are often
employed by engineers when materials which can whithstand high
temperatures are needed.

1
 All matter can be classified as either solid, liquid, and gas.
Solids are firm and have a definite form. Rubber, wood, glass, iron,
and sand are all classified as solids. A considerable force would be
needed to change the shape or volume of an iron bar, for example,
because the atoms or molecules of solid are densel packed and have
very ittle freedom of movement.

Solids can be further divided into two classes : crystalline and

amorphous. Rocks, wood, paper, and cotton are crystalline solids.
Crystalline solids are made up of atoms arranged in a definite pattern.
When these solids are heated, the change to a liquid, nown as
melting, is sharp and clear. Amorphous substances include rubber,
glass, and sulfur. In these subtances, the pattern of the atoms is not
orderly, and when heated, they gradually soften.

Liquids, on the other hand, are not rigid. If the water, milk, or
oil is poured on a table, it will flow all over the surface. The atoms or
molecules of liquids attract each other and there enable liquids to
flow. But these atoms are loosely structured and do not keep their
shape. Therefore a liquid will take the shape of an container in which
it is poured however, liquids have a definite volume: a quart of milk
cannot fit in a pint container.

Gases, such as air, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, have no fixed

shape or volume of their own. They diffuse or spread out to fill an
container. If water is put into a tire, it will run to the bottom; if air is
put into a tire, it fills the whole space inside the tire. The atoms or
molecules of gases are widely spaced and move very rapidly. They
either compress or expand to adapt to any area.

2
 Everthing we know is made of matter in solid, liquid or gas.
The general class is matter. All matter may be classified as either
solid, liquid or gas.

a
tt
M e
a
g
s
S
l
o
L
u
q
i
r
d
i
d
i

Source : Englishformechanicalengineering,Dra Umi Anis Ro’isatin,

M.Pd. ,POLINEMAPRESS

Glosary

Alloy (n) : Logam campuran

Ferrous (n) : Besi,suatu logam paduan yang terdiri dari campuran
unsur karbon dengan besi.
Loosely (adj) : Longgar
Chronium (n) : khrom
Firm (adj) : kuat
Considerable (adj) : besar
Classified : diklasifikasikan
As either : sebagai
3
Divided : dibagi
Such as : seperti,misalnya
Exercise 1
Answer the following questions.
1. Why do the engineers have to know the kinds of engineers
metals?
2. What is an alloy? Give example
3. What is meant by non ferrous metals?
4. What is the different between thermoplastics and thermosets?
5. What happend when we heating the metal?
6. Why if the liquids is poured on a table, it will flow all over
the surface?
7. Why gases have no fixed shape or volume of their own?
8. What is the different between crystalline and amorphous?
9. What is main idea of paragraph 3?
10. What is main idea of paragraph 4?

Exercise 2
Decide whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE by
referring to the information in the text.

1. Metals divided in to five object

2. Matter can be classified as either solid, liquid, and gas.
3. Plastic and ceramics are metals
4. plastic may be machined like metals
5. Plastic are classified into two types, thermoplastics and
thermoset
6. Rubber, wood, glass, iron, and sand are all classified as solids
4
 7. Water, oil classified as gas
8. air, oxygen, and carbon dioxide classified as liquid
9. the atoms or molecules of solid are densel packed
10. Liquids on the other hand are not rigid

Language work

Passive voice.
Divided Glasses :
Can be into two Group: Ferrous and
Metals Kinds: non ferrous
Divided into classified as

Two Groups Of metal Can be Disting

Classes uished;
Types ferrous and
Kinds non ferrous

Lets talk : Disscus in group of 5 member

Make group each of which consists of 5 students. Each group

must find five devices which are parts of bench work (Drilling,
Chiseling, Filling, etc). Write first the work in the form of paragraph,
then it is presented in front of the class by explanning the definition,
material used, the wa to operate and the maintenance. Your friends
will give responses to your presentation.