Metals and Non-metals

Year 9 Christmas Term Week 1

 Pupils should be able to:
* State the differences between metals and non-metals
Objectives • Explore the properties of metals and non-metals

and Keywords: Metals, Non-metals, malleable, ductile, sonorous,

electrical conductivity, heat conductivity, density, melting

Keywords point, boiling point

 Metals and
Non-metals
• The best way to tell if a
substance is a metal or
a non-metal is to look
at some of its physical
properties. Physical
properties are those
such as density,
melting point and
electrical conductivity.
Physical Property Metals Non-metals
  Many have high density(except group 1 metals and Gallium)  

Density Most have low densities

Melting and boiling Many have high melting and boiling points(except group 1 metals and Most have low melting and boiling points
points mercury)
Strength Many metals are hard(except Group1 metals, mercury, gallium)and strong Many non-metals are soft and can be easily scratched(except diamond)

Electrical All metals are good conductors. Do not conduct(except graphite)

conductivity
Heat conductivity Metals are good conductors of heat Do not conduct(except graphite)
Malleable Metals are malleable(they can be beaten into different shapes with a hammer Non-metals are brittle-they break easily when hit with a hammer)
without breaking)
Ductile Metals are ductile(can be drawn out into wire) Non-metals are brittle-they break easily when a pulling force is applied

Lustrous or shiny Metals are lustrous(has a shiny surface when polished) Non-metals have dull surfaces except iodine and graphite)
Sonorous Metals are sonorous(They make a ringing sound when hit with a hard object) Non-metals are not sonorous, make a dull sound when hit with an object
 The uses of metals

• Most metals that we use are not in their pure elemental form. We use
metals mostly in alloys or in combination with other metals and with
non-metals. For example

• Brass is an alloy (or a mixture) of copper and zinc. It is used in making

musical instruments, door handle, ornaments and screws.

• Bronze is an alloy (or a mixture) of copper and tin. It is used in

the construction of sculptures, musical instruments and medals

• Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. It is used in construction of

bridges, making tools such as hammer, surgical instruments, and
cutlery e.t.c

• Copper is used for electrical wiring and base of cooking pots because
it is an excellent conductor of electricity and heat.

• Aluminium is used for making aircraft bodies because it is lightweight.

It has low density and it is also strong.
 Uses of non-metals
• Most of the non-metals that we use are not in their
pure elementary form. We use them in compounds
with metals and with non-metals. For example:
• In cells, oxygen is needed for aerobic respiration, which
allows for the extraction of energy from ingested foods.
Thus, supplemental oxygen at home and in hospitals is
vital for those with breathing disorders.

• Hydrogen is a colourless and odourless gas. It is used

in making products from oil.
• Helium is less dense than air and does not burn in
air. It is used in party balloons and airship.
• Nitrogen is used in food storage bags, aircraft tyres
and in storage of blood. It provides a good
temperature for the storage of blood.
 Homework
• Write 5 differences between metals and non-metals
• Identify the metals and non-metals in the first 20 elements
• Write the definitions of these keywords: Malleable, ductile, sonorous, density,
conductors, insulators, melting point, boiling point
• Complete Chemistry textbook page 40 Numbers 1,2 and 3
 References
• https://www.tes.com/lessons/RiiJ-UwxQa9ZOw/ductitility
• Complete Chemistry for Cambridge Secondary 1