Materials – Metals & Non-metals

Elements
• A substance which cannot be broken down into two or more simpler substances by any method is called an element.
 Physical Properties of Materials
Luster

• Metals shine when they are polished. • Non-metals are non-lustrous.

• Example : Gold, Silver, Iron, etc. • Example : Carbon, Plastic, Wood etc.

• Use : Making jewelry & other decorative • Exception : Graphite and Iodine
items.
 Physical Properties of Materials
Hardness
Hardness is a property of material, due to which it can resist scratches on its surface.

• Metals are hard • Non metals are not so hard.

• Exception : Sodium (Na) metal is a soft • Exception : Diamond (Carbon) is hardest

metal. It can be cut with a knife. natural material on earth.
 Physical Properties of Materials
Physical state

• Metals are generally hard solids at room • Non-metals exists in all three states i.e. Solid,
temperature. liquid & gas.

• Exception : Gallium and Mercury • Example : Solid - Carbon & Sulphur

Gas – Oxygen & Chlorine
Liquid - Bromine
 Physical Properties of Materials
Malleability
Malleability is a property of material, due to which it can be beaten down into thin sheets.

• Metals are malleable • Non metals are brittle.

 Physical Properties of Materials
Ductility
Ductility is a property of material, due to which it can be drawn into wires

• Metals are ductile • Non metals are non ductile

 Physical Properties of Materials
Conductivity
Conductivity is a property of material, which tells how easily it can transfer energy from one part to another.

• Metals are good conductor of Heat and • Non metals are bad conductor of Heat and
Electricity. Electricity.

• Exception : Graphite ( Carbon ) is a good

conductor of electricity
 Physical Properties of Materials
Sonority
Sonority is a property of material, due to which it produces sound when hit.

• Metals are Sonorous. • Non metals are non-sonorous.

 Difference b/w Metals & Non-metals

S.no. Property Metals Non-Metals

1. Luster Metals are lustrous Non-metals are non-lustrous

Metals are hard. Non-metals are soft.

2. Hardness Except – Sodium Except – Diamond (carbon)

Metals are generally solid.

3. Physical state Except – Gallium & Mercury
Non-metals exist in all three states.

Metals are malleable & can be

4. Malleability beaten down into thin sheets.
Non-metals break when hit hard.

Metals are ductile & can be drawn

5. Ductility into wires.
Non-metals are non-ductile

Metals are good conductor of heat &

Metals are good conductor of heat &
6. Conductivity electricity.
electricity.
Except - Graphite

7. Sonority Metals are sonorous. Non-metals are non-sonorous.

 Chemical Properties of Materials
Reaction with Oxygen

• Metals when reacts with oxygen they form • Similarly when non-metals reacts with
metal oxides. oxygen they form non-metal oxides.

• Metals oxides are basic in nature. • Non-metals oxides are acidic in nature.

𝑀𝑔+ 𝑂 2 → 𝑀𝑔𝑂 𝑆 + 𝑂2 → 𝑆 𝑂 2

𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚+ 𝑂𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛→ 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚𝑂𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚+𝑂𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛→ 𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑝h𝑢𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑂𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒

2 𝐶𝑢+ 𝑂2 → 2 𝐶𝑢𝑂 𝐶 +𝑂 2 → 𝐶 𝑂 2
𝐶𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 +𝑂𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛 → 𝐶𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑂𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛+𝑂𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛→ 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖 𝑂𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒
 Chemical Properties of Materials
Reaction with Oxygen
𝑀𝑔+ 𝑂 2 → 𝑀𝑔𝑂

𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚+ 𝑂𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛→ 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚𝑂𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒

 Chemical Properties of Materials
Reaction with Acids

• Active metal reacts with acid to give metal • Non-metals do not react with Acids.
salt and hydrogen gas.

2 𝑁𝑎+2 𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 2 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻 2

𝑍𝑛+2 𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 𝑍𝑛𝐶 𝑙2 + 𝐻 2

 Displacement Reaction
• The chemical reaction in which a more reactive metal replaces another less reactive metal is known as displacement
reaction.