STATIC FLUIDS

FLUIDS AT REST

.
DENSITY (𝝆) OF A SUBSTANCE IS THE MASS PER UNIT VOLUME

WEIGHT DENSITY (𝑫) OF A SUBSTANCE IS THE WEIGHT PER UNIT VOLUME

SPECIFIC GRAVITY OR RELATIVE DENSITY (𝝆𝒓) OF A SUBSTANCE IS THE RATIO OF THE

DENSITY OF A SUBSTANCE TO THE DENSITY OF WATER.

PRESSURE (𝒑) IS THE NORMAL FORCE PER UNIT AREA

 PRESSURE IN A LIQUID
CONSIDER A CYLINDRICAL VESSEL AS SHOWN IN FIGURE 1 BELOW, FILLED WITH A LIQUID
OF MASS DENSITY (𝜌), THE FORCE EXERTED BY THE LIQUID AT THE BOTTOM OF THE
CONTAINER IS THE WEIGHT OF THE LIQUID

𝐹
𝑝= =𝜌 𝑔h
𝐴

AREA
 PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE
PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE STATES THAT AN EXTERNAL PRESSURE APPLIED TO A CONFINED
LIQUID IS TRANSMITTED UNDIMINISHED TO ALL POINTS OF THE LIQUID.
 ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE
ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE STATES THAT A BODY PARTIALLY OR TOTALLY IMMERSED IN A
LIQUID IS BUOYED UP BY A FORCE EQUAL TO THE WEIGHT OF THE LIQUID DISPLACED BY
THE SOLID BODY
 FIND THE VOLUME OF COPPER BALL WHICH HAS A MASS OF 400 G IF THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY
OF COPPER IS 8.9.

𝑚
𝜌=
𝑉
GIVEN:

0.4 −5 3
𝑉= = 4.5 𝑥 10 𝑚
8900
 A HYDRAULIC PRESS HAS A SMALL PISTON OF DIAMETER 2 CM. IF A FORCE OF 60 N IS
APPLIED TO THE SMALLER PISTON, A FORCE OF 3000 N IS EXERTED ON THE LARGER
PISTON. WHAT IS THE DIAMETER OF THE LARGER PISTON?

GIVEN:

𝐹 1
𝑟 2= √ 3000 ¿ ¿ ¿
𝑝 1=𝑝 2
𝐹 2
=
𝐴 1 𝐴 2
𝐹 1 𝐴 2𝑟
= 2=1.41
𝐹 2 𝐴1 4𝑚

𝜋 ¿
¿
𝑟 2= √ 𝐹 2 ¿¿ ¿
 ICE HAS A DENSITY OF 0.92 G/CM3 AND SEAWATER HAS A DENSITY OF 1.04 G/CM3.
DETERMINE THE TOTAL VOLUME OF A FLOATING ICEBERG IF 30 M3 IS ABOVE THE
SEAWATER.

GIVEN: 300
𝑉 𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑔 =
1 − 0.88
3
𝑉 𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑔 =250 𝑚

𝑉 𝑠𝑤 0.92
=
𝑉 𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑔 1.04
𝑉 𝑠𝑤
= 0.88
𝑉 𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑔

𝑉 𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑔 (1 − 0.88 )=𝑉 𝑠𝑤

 A MAN OF MASS 65 KG STANDS ON A SOLID FLOATING ON WATER. IF THE SOLID HAS A
DENSITY OF 0.6 G/CM3 AND THE MAN STANDING ON IT IS JUST BARELY OUT OF THE
SURFACE OF THE WATER, DETERMINE THE VOLUME OF THE SOLID.

𝑚
GIVEN: 𝜌=
𝑉

65 3
𝑉= = 0.10 83 𝑚
600
THANK YOU 