UNITY 2

CONTENT AND FUNCTION WORDS

FERNANDO CORNEJO LEÓN

ANGEL EDUARDO FRAUSTO MARTÍNEZ
JULIO CESAR MONTEMAYOR RÍOS
FRANSISCO GUADALUPE SÁNCHEZ GARCÍA
ASAÍ VENEGAS RODRÍGUEZ
 CONTENT WORDS
Definition A word to which
an independent meaning can
be given by reference to a world outside used to show syntactic relation.
any sentence in which the
word may occur.
Purpose Content words give us the most
important information while function
words are used to stitch those words
together.
Types Content words are usually nouns, verbs,
adjectives, and adverbs. A noun tells us
which object, a verb tells us about the
action happening, or the state.
Adjectives give us details about objects
and people and adverbs tell us how,
when or where something is done.
Nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs
give us important information required
for understanding.
FUNCTION WORDS
A word, as an article or conjunction,
having little or no lexical meaning but
Function words help us connect
important information. Function words
are important for understanding, but
they add little meaning beyond defining
the relationship between two words.
Function words include auxiliary verbs,
prepositions, articles, conjunctions, and
pronouns. Auxiliary verbs are used to
establish the tense, prepositions show
relationships in time and space, articles
show us something that is specific or
one of many, and pronouns refer to
other nouns.
What is a Noun?
Noun (noun): a word (except a pronoun) that identifies
a person, place or thing, or names one of them (proper
noun).

The simple definition is: a person, place or thing.

Here are some examples:

 Person: man, woman, teacher, John, Mary

 Place: home, office, town, countryside, America
 Thing: table, car, banana, money, music, love, dog,
monkey
 NOUNS

COMMMON PROPER CONCRETE ABSTRACT COLLECTIVE COUNT/MASS

NOUNS NOUNS NOUNS NOUNS NOUNS NOUNS

A concrete noun
An abstract noun is Count nouns are
is a noun which a noun which refers words that indicate
A proper noun is
A common noun refers to people to ideas, qualities, discrete, countable
a name that
is a noun that and to things and conditions - Collective nouns objects; whereas
identifies a
refers to people that exist things that cannot refer to groups of mass nouns are
particular be seen or touched words that indicate
or things in physically and people or things.
person, place, or and things which some relatively
general. can be seen,
thing have no physical undifferentiated
touched, smelled,
reality. substance.
heard, or tasted.

Steven, Africa, In American COUNT

English, most
Boy, country, London, Dog, building, Truth, danger, collective nouns are NOUNS: Forks,
bridge, city, Monday. Proper coffee, tree, happiness, time, treated as singular, Virewpoints
birth, day, nouns begin rain, beach, friendship, with a singular verb: MASS
happiness with capital tune. humour. The whole family
NOUNS: Water,
letters. was at the table. Energy
What is a Pronoun?
Pronouns are used in place of nouns. The purpose of
pronouns is to avoid repetition and make sentences easier
to understand.

Some of the most common pronouns to remember when

learning English as a second language are he, she, it, they,
and this.
 PRONOUNS

PERSONA DEMOSTR INTERRO INTENSIV INDEFINIT REFLEXIV

RELATIVE
L ATIVE GATIVE E E E
PRONOUN
PRONOUN PRONOUN PRONOUN PRONOUN PRONOUN PRONOUN
S
S S S S S S

Reflexive
Demonstrative
Relative Indefinite pronouns refer
Personal pronouns
Interrogative Intensive pronouns pronouns back to the
pronouns point to and
pronouns pronouns are used to refer to an subject of the
identify a
refer to a clause or
noun or a are used to are used to link one identifiable, sentence. The
specific pronoun. This ask emphasize phrase or but not reflexive
person or and these refer questions. their clause to specified, pronouns used
thing. Their to things that
The antecedent. another person or in writing
form are nearby in
English are
space or time, interrogative Intensive phrase or thing. An
changes to myself,
while that and pronouns pronouns clause. The indefinite
indicate a yourself,
those refer to are who, are identical relative pronoun
person, herself,
things that are whom, in form to pronouns conveys the himself, itself,
number, farther away which, and reflexive are who, idea of all, ourselves,
gender, or in space or what. pronouns. whom, that, any, none, or yourselves,
case. further away
and which. some. and
in time.
themselves.
 TYPES OF ADVERBS

Degree Frequency Manner Place Time

They are used to Adverbs of frequency are used to tell Adverbs that change  a word that describes
show the intensity or typically us how something or qualify the when, for how long,
degree of something. modify verbs, or happens or is done. meaning of a or how often a certain
They can be used action words, and They can modify sentence by telling us action happened.
before adjectives, show how often they verbs, adjectives, or where things happen
verbs, or other occur. clauses of a sentence.
adverbs.
She was quite tired We usually go to the She Becky was sitting in I’m going to clean
after hiking all day. movies on Sundays. sings beautifully. the garden. my house tomorrow.

We were almost late He travels to He walks slowly She put the plate on She stayed at her
for the movie. Europe frequently. the table grandmother’s house
all day.
I completely forgot I am never late for The children are She didn’t walk away They go out to dinner
about our date class.  playing happily weekly
tonight!
 TYPES OF ADJECTIVES

Descriptive Quantitive

work to provide information about a quality of a noun. A word that modifies a noun by indicating a
number/quantity

We ate some delicious food. Not a single boy is in the classroom.

Give me that big brown pad. Four girls were expelled from the school.

I want to buy a diamond ring. Most people are poor in this world.

Define and give 3 examples
Types of determiners
What is a determiner? Is a Word that sits right before a noun in a noun phrase. Gives information
about a noun, generally about its possession or quantity.
Articles
Ordinals
Numbers
Numbers such as One, Two, five, eleven we most
commonly use it as determiners (before noun).
1.- She loves animals and has two dogs, three cats and
one rabbit.
2.- My two best Friends are Amy and Louise.
3.- Three of my colleagues were sacked yesterday.
A, an: “indefinite” refers to an unspecified singular
countable noun. Introduces a general versión of a
noun.
The: “definite” refers to a specified singular
countable noun.
1.- The party was amazing. We had a lot of fun.
(referring to a specific party).
2.- This is a book.
3.- I don´t have an Apple.
Express sequence: first, Second and Third.
1.- The first impression is really good.
2.- I need a second chance to participate.
3.- This is the third exam of the week.
Define and give 3 examples
Types of determiners
What is a determiner? Is a Word that sits right before a noun in a noun phrase. Gives information
about a noun, generally about its possession or quantity.

Is a determiner or a pronoun that points to a particular

noun or to the noun it replaces. There are four. the near:
this and these and the far that and those
Demonstratives
1.- This is my hat.
2.- give me that book.
3.- those people are happy
4.- these candies are delicious.
Quantifiers

To talk about the number of the noun. Some, few,

many, a lot.

1.- Bring some books to read.

2.- I have a few Friends to meet.
3.- Many people are waiting to see me fall.
4.- there is a lot of money in this.
 Define and give 3 examples
Articles
Types of determiners
Ordinals
A Determiner is a word that decides or limits or
Numbers determines something about the noun or pronoun that
follows. Determiners are used before nouns, so they are
Demonstratives
like adjectives.
Quantifiers

ARTICLES: (a, an, Ordinal: first, Numbers: one, Demostrative: Quantifiers: a few, another,
the) second, third, two, three, four, this, that, these, several, much, many, a lot of,
example: I ate an fourth ten those any, some, very, No, Enough,
Apple yesterday.
 REFERENCES

 Charles L. Mohler, Linda A. Heyne. (2017). Count Nouns and Mass Nouns: Crops, Produce, and the Plural
of Seed. [On line]. Retrieved April 5, 2022, from
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/weed-technology/article/abs/count-nouns-and-mass-nouns-crops-prod
uce-and-the-plural-of-seed/B7B66E6C1265445A24676ED271A48FC5
 Frazer L. What is an Adverb of Time? (2017, October 13). - Definition & Examples. [On line]. Retrieved April 5,
2022, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-an-adverb-of-time-definition-examples.html.
 Gallaudet University. (n.d.). ACTION VERBS AND LINKING VERBS. [On line]. Retrieved April 5, 2022, from
https://www.gallaudet.edu/tutorial-and-instructional-programs/english-center/grammar-and-vocabulary/verbs/act
ion-verbs-and-linking-verbs/#:~:text=An%20action%20verb%20is%20a,cry%2C%20smile%2C%20or%20think
 Jhon Edwards (2021). What Is A Pronoun? Types And Examples. [On line]. Retrieved April 7, 2022, from
https://www.thesaurus.com/e/grammar/what-are-the-types-of-pronouns/
 REFERENCES

 Josef Essberger . (2018). What is a Noun?. [On line]. Retrieved April 5, 2022, from
https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/noun-what.htm
 Knapp A. (2021). What is an Adverb of Degree? . [On line]. Retrieved April 5, 2022, from
https://study.com/learn/lesson/adverbs-of-degree-function-list-example.html.
 Sharma, A. (September 24, 2021). Determiners masterclass. [On line]. Retrieved April 5, 2022, from
https://englishwithashish.com/determiners-masterclass/
 Learn english. (2021). Examples of Quantitative Adjective. [On line]. Retrieved April 5, 2022, from
https://www.learngrammar.net/a/examples-of-quantitative-adjective#:~:text=Definition%20of%20Quantitative%2
0Adjective%3A%20A%20word%20that%20modifies,It%20can%20be%20either%20cardinal%20or%20ordinal%
20number
.
 Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Linking verb. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. [On line]. Retrieved April 7, 2022,
from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/linking%20verb
 REFERENCES

 What is an Adverb of Frequency? (2017, September 11)- Definition & Examples.. [On line]. Retrieved April 5,
2022, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-an-adverb-of-frequency-definition-examples.html.
 What is an Adverb of Manner? (2017, June 23). - Definition & Examples. [On line]. Retrieved April 5, 2022,
from https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-an-adverb-of-manner-definition-examples.html.
 Wilkerson G. (2020, August 4). What is an Adverb of Place? 2021, February 1). - Definition & Examples. [On
line]. Retrieved April 7, 2022, from
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-an-adverb-of-place-definition-examples.html.
 Willkerson G. (2020, August 4). What Is a Descriptive Adjective? - Definition & Examples. [On line]. Retrieved
April 7, 2022, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-descriptive-adjective-definition-examples.html.