THE TEACHING

PHILOSOPHY AND
LEARNING
THEORIES
Nikko Lorenz Lawsin, Ph.D.
Faculty
 TEACHING
PHILOSOPHIES

TEACHING
PRACTICES

LEARNING
THEORIES
 TASKS TO DO:
Teaching Philosophy Keywords Applications
Curriculum Instructions Assessment
• Essentialism
• Progressivism
• Idealism
• Existentialism
• Reconstructionism
• Pragmatism
• Perennialism
• Experimentalism
 TASKS TO DO:
Learning Theories Keywords Applications
Curriculum Instructions Assessment
 IDEALISM
God, Beauty, and Wisdom
Development of the mind

Implications to Education
1. Emphasize intellectual and moral judgment;
2. Catechism as an optional subject during primary level;
3. Role Model; Critical thinking; Socratic Questioning
4. Use of Memorization
 REALISM
 Based on reality or actual experiences.
 can only be perceived by 5 senses.
Implications to Education
1. Provide actual experiences from the natural world
(Science….Experiment, observation);
2. Prepare the child to the reality of life,
(Communication, Arts, Music) etc.
 ESSENTIALISM
 Focused on Basic Knowledge, skills and
attitude.
Proposed by William Bagley

Implications to Education
1. 3R’s (Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic)
 PRAGMATISM
practicality; learning should be applied in real-life situation.
Learning by doing.

Implications to Education
1. Problem-based learning;
2. Applied subjects; Applied Chemistry, Applied Economics, Applied
physics;
3. Performance tasks (Collaborative Learning [Output-oriented]
Cooperative Learning [Process-oriented])
 PROGRESSIVISM
Let the students learn-by-doing.
Development of the child and/or learners.
(Needs and interest)
Improvement of human conditions
Implications to Education
1. The content is based on the student’s needs and
interests (Learner-centered).
2. Modules or other self-paced instructional
materials
 PERENNIALISM
Everlasting idea; eternal truth
Truth cannot be changed.

Implications to Education
1. Bible, Quo-ran (Koran)
2. Religious schools (Muslim Schools/Madrasah)
 EXPERIMENTALISM
Truth is ever changing through valid pieces
of evidence.

Implications to Education
1. Research classes/subjects
2. Research activities
 EXISTENTIALISM
 it emphasizes human existence, freedom,
and choice.
 it focuses on individuality.

 Implications to Education
1. Provide individual atmosphere for the
development of learners.
 SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIONISM
 Society; Societal order; societal
reformation; social movement
 Implications to Education
1. NSTP, ROTC and CWTS
2. Social Studies (History, Politics, Governance,
Economics)
3. Indigenous Education and Localization
4. Civics and Culture Education
 COGNITIVISM
 Focuses on the development of mental structures and
processes.
Based on student’s capacity and capability.

Implications to Education
1. Refinement of Teaching Approaches such as Child-centered Approach
and Learner-centered approach.
 BEHAVIORISM
Learning happens because of reinforcing the behavior.

Implications to Education
Emergence of different learning theories
Classical and Operant Conditioning
Meaningful Learning
Insightful Learning
Cumulative Learning
Social Learning
Social Constructivism
Law of Effect, Exercise and Readiness
Brain-based Learning