Presentation on

Lysosome and
Peroxisome
LYSOSOMES
INTRODUCTION
Lysosomes is a membrane bound
vesicles that contain hydrolytic
enzymes. It was discovered by the
Belgian cytologist Christian René
de Duve in the 1950s. Lysosomes
derives from the greek word
“LYSIS” which means destruction
or “digestion” and “SOMA” which
mean “body”
Lysosomal Enzymes

For degradation of extra and intracellular material,

lysosomes filled with enzymes called hydrolases. It
contains about 40 varieties of enzymes which are
classified into the following main types, namely:

Proteases which digest proteins

Lipases which digests lipids

Amylase which digests carbohydrates

Nucleases which digest nucleic acids

 FUNCTION OF
LYSOSOMES
Lysosomes has three main functions:
• The breakdown/digestion of macromolecules
(carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid)
• Cell membrane repairs
• Responses against foreign substances such as bacteria,
viruses and other antigen.
LYSOSOMES PERFORMS TWO MAJOR FUNCTION

1. Phagocytosis – intracellular digestion of extracellular

macromolecules (food or other foreign substances)

2. Autophagy- (self-feeding) intracellular degration of organelles

or macromolecules enzymes breakdown and digest some of the
organelles
STRUCTURE OF
LYSOSOME

Lysosomes are generally very small,

ranging in size from 0.1-0.5 µm, though
they can reach up to 1.2 µm. They have
a simple structure; they are spheres
made up of a lipid bilayer that encloses
fluid that contains a variety of hydrolytic
enzymes
Types of Lysosomes

Primary Lysosomes Secondary Lysosomes

Small sac-like structures Formed by the fusion of

enclosing enzymes primary lysosome with
synthesized by the rough phagosomes.
endoplasmic reticulum.
Contain engulfed material
plus enzymes.
Simply called as storage
granules storing enzymes. Materials are progressively
digested.
Lysosomes as Suicidal Bag

Lysosomes are capable of digesting nucleic acid,

polysaccharides, fats, and proteins. Along with
them lysosomes also digests or damage its own
cells by its own enzymes, which lead to cell death.
Lysosomes are known as suicidal bags because the
enzymes of lysosomes eat up their own cells if the
cells get damaged. This is referred to as autolysis or
self-digestion in which the cell is destroyed by the
Application of lysosome in medical field
 APOPTOSIS
A type of cell death in which a series of
molecular steps in a cell lead to its
death. This is one method the body uses
to get rid of unneeded or abnormal cell.
The process of apoptosis may be
blocked in cancer cells. Also called
programmed cell death.
Why are lysosomes important to the health of?

Lysosomes are an important component of the inner

membrane system and participate in numerous cell
biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation,
antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction,
plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell
adhesion/migration and apoptosis
Related study about lysosome
A Compendium of Information on the Lysosome
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.798262/full

Lysosomes - Associated Diseases and Methods to Study Their Function

https://www.intechopen.com/books/5771

The role of lysosomes in cancer development and progression

https://
cellandbioscience.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13578-020-00489-x

Labeling Lysosomes and Tracking Lysosome-Dependent Apoptosis with a

Cell-Permeable Activity-Based Probe
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bc300143p
PEROXISOM
PEROXISOMES
PEROXISOMES

E
Peroxisomes a membrane-bound
organelle in the cytoplasm
occurring in eukaryotic cell. It also
contain enzymes that oxidize
certain molecules normally found
in the cell, notably fatty acids and
amino acids. Those oxidation
reactions produce hydrogen
peroxide, which is the basis of the
name peroxisome.
WHAT PEROXISOMES
DO?
Peroxisomes absorb
nutrients that the cell has
acquired. They are very
well known for digesting
fatty acids. They also play
a part in the way
PEROXISO
organisms digest alcohol MES
(ethanol). Because they do
that job, you would expect
liver cells to have more
What happens in the peroxisome?

In addition to providing a compartment for

oxidation reactions, peroxisomes are involved in
lipid biosynthesis. In animal cells, cholesterol and
dolichol are synthesized in peroxisomes as well as in
the ER. In the liver, peroxisomes are also involved
in the synthesis of bile acids, which are derived
from cholesterol
Where are peroxisomes mostly found?

Peroxisomes are particularly abundant

in organs such as liver where lipids are
stored, broken down or synthesized Building
up Peroxisomes produce chemicals as well as
breaking them down. They make cholesterol
in animal cells and peroxisomes in liver cells
produce bile acids
PEROXISOMES
Peroxisomes are single
membrane–bound vesicles found
in most eukaryotic cells. They
contain several different enzymes
and are involved in various
metabolic pathways. Most
importantly, peroxisomes are
involved in the oxidation of fatty
acids, a major source of metabolic
energy.
Application of Peroxisome in medical field
 LEADER;
RICA MAE V. TABUENA
JESSA MAE SOLERO
ANGEL BRENDA
RIVERA
JELYN SONER
GROUP 2
Thank
You!