Wire Line Basics

1) Why do we need wireline operations

•Wireline units offer advantages over the other units. Its main
advantage is economic. A wireline unit can rig up, perform its
task, and rig down in less than other type of units. Since it can
perform many tasks much faster, it is also used as a well
maintenance, remedial, control and safety functions are
accomplished, under pressure in the wellbore.
 Check tubing drift.
 Check build up of wax, scale, etc.
 Check well depth, clearance to perforations.
 Running/ pulling plugs/ flow controls
 Opening/ closing SSD’
 Pressure/ Temperature Surveys
 Install tubing pack-offs/ separation tool
 fishing
 2) Rig up Surface Equipment.
Stuffing Box Alternat e Braided Line Sealing

Ginpole *

R ope Blocks

Lifti ng Clamp Line Wiper

Grease Inject ion

Head

Quick U nions.

Wireline C lam p

Chain or Steel Strop ONLY

Otis Type Bowen Type
BOP

Line angle to be as
cl ose to 90° as

H ay Pull ey
Wei ght Indicvator
Chain or Steel Strop ONLY

* Alternate Lifting:
Cr ane
Scaffol ding/Fr am e
Ai r Hoist/D err ick
Mast
Wireline Zero.
Stuffing box or Pack off is designed to allow the movement of wireline in and out of the
well without allowing well pressure to escape. Just as in any other kind of stuffing box
packing elements are used for sealing. The seal is made around the wire and a packing nut
enables the compression of the packing to be adjusted.
Sheave wheel or “Hey pulleys”
The wireline sheave wheel, known as “Hey Pulleys”, is designed to alter the direction of th
e wireline form a perpendicular to a horizontal position while in route from the stuffing b
ox to the wireline unit. The wire should be parallel to the lubricator to reduce side loading
and resulting bending stresses on the tree connection.

STUFFING BOX and SHEAVE WHEEL

STUFFING BOX (5,000 PSI

WP)
•Lubricator = A specially fabricated length of pipe with union connectors and
bleed off valves that is temporarily installed above the upper valve on the
Christmas tree. Lubricators afford a method of sealing off pressure while
allowing a device such as a Wireline to pass into the well.
BOP = Blowout prevented
•The BOP wireline valve is an essential safety device, which protects per
sonnel and the installation during wireline operations, by being able to cont
ain the well pressure with the wire in the well and, by using blind rams, whe
n the toolstring is in the lubricator.
Wireline BOP Plain rubber faces rams are used during slickline operations as
these can deform to grip and seal around the slickline when closed. They also
act as blind rams to seal off the bore when there is no wire.
• Portable Swab Valve
A device that provide for opening or closing the well (Mechanic barrier). This
valve should be the 1st priority when you need to open or close the well for
preventing LMV. In case of LMV is leaking, we have to has at least 2 mechanic
barrier in the well to replace or fixing LMV. The Portable Swab valve is easier
to repair or replace.
• Reel Pack

Winch unit have wire drum in it. This unit has break and clutch to control line speed, control in multi speed tran
smission or torque control on reel.
• Power Pack
This is an instrument that supplies power or energy to winch unit for running/pull
ing tool string in/out of hole.
• Depth counter
The depth counter is used to measure the depth of tool string in hole. The most
widely used depth counter currently is the “VEEDER-ROOT”. This counter is
driven, via a mechanic cable to a right angle drive gearbox attached to the
counter wheel assembly. The gearboxes come in a number of ratios depending
on the line size and counter head wheel size being used. The ratio of the
gearboxes enables the correct depth calculation dependant on what size of wire
is being run. The gearbox, wire and wheel size should be checked prior to
commencing operations.
•Weight indicator
The weight indicator measures the tension in the wireline. Normally this is d
one using a load cell attached to the bottom pulley at the lubricator. This load
cell is connected by hydraulic line to a gauge in the control cab.
A device is use to indicate the load that exert on line cable. it has many types
such as mechanical, hydraulic or electronic.
 •Rig up
is process to get all equipments inplace ready to perform the job on the well.
•With the pressure released from the wellhead, the proper wellhead
connection is installed on the wellhead.
•Make up lubricator string.
•The wireline is placed into the ‘Hey-pulley’ and the slack in the wireline take
up on the wireline unit.
•Test wire and make up rope socket.
•Tightening the required tools
•Raise up the lubricator and set zero depth, the tools are pulled back into the
lubricator.
•Assembly lubricator string on the BOP.
Rig down
is process to moving, disassembly and disconnect all equipments from the
well.
Pressure test
is the process of performing an internal pressure test on any device.
Pressure test should be done prior perform any job. For ensure the condition
of pressure control equipments can prevent any problem from well pressure.
1.Closed BOP rams and opening valve in the wellhead to allow well
pressure to be applied to the BOP rams and all connections. If no leak
appear: BOP is in good condition.
2.Open BOP equalizing valve to equalize pressure from below BOP then
open BOP ram. If no leaks appear at the stuffing box: Ready to RIH.
 •Rope Socket
Rope socket is required to make the connection between wireline and tool
string. Type in most common use:
1.0.108” No-knot or Tear drop type.
2.3/16” and 7/32” Slip type braided line socket.
No-Knot or Tear drop Slip type
• Stem

The Wireline stem, also called a Weight Bar comprises sections of steel bar having
pin screw connections at their upper end and box threaded connections at their lowe
r end.
The stem is included in the toolstring to provide enough weight to drag the tool and
toolstring down the tubing by overcoming the resistance of the wireline stuffing bo
x, the wellhead pressure and the friction of the tubing walls. It also provides the ma
ss required to operate jarring mechanisms.

Lead Roller
Stem
Stem Stem
• Jar
A percussion tool operated mechanically or hydraulically to deliver a
heavy hammer blow to objects in the borehole. Jars are used to free objects
stuck in the hole or to loosen objects that is hang up. Blows may be delivered
downward or upward, the jar being controlled at the surface. To apply a heavy
blow to the frill stem by use of a jar. Type in common used:
1.Spang jars
2.Tubular jars
3.Hydraulic jars
• The Spang jars
can be used to provide an upward or downward impact. The intensity of
jarring impact depends on the weight of the wireline stem above the jar, the
stroke length of the jar, the density of the well fluid, speed at impact.
• The tubular jars
can be used to provide an upward or downward impact. The intensity of
jarring impact depends on the weight of the wireline stem above the jar, the
stroke length of the jar, the density of the well fluid and speed at impact
•The Hydraulic jars
is designed for dependable upward jarring during wireline operation. The
Hydraulic jar should normally be run above a set of spank jar or tubular jar.
 When fluid by-pass
Resetting-stem weight
Area increases
Upward Impact Causes oil to pass
Piston moves upward
Check valve to return
Jar begin to open RAPIDLY
To upper cylinder
against oil resistance

Top sup
Piston seals
Cylinder
Piston rod

Entrance piston
Check valve
•Knuckle Joint
Knuckle joints are usually included in the toolstring bet
ween the jars and the operating tool to give a measure o
f flexibility when long toolstring are being used. In addi
tion, they provide any movement required for the operat
ing tool to position the device being run or to connect w
ith the lock mandrel when seeking to retrieve a downhol
e device.
It is most useful in fishing operations where the pulling
tool or overshot requires flexibility to properly locate th
e fish
• Running Tool and Pulling Tool
Operating tools are of two main types; those designed to install the downhole
equipment and those for removing that equipment from the downhole
location.

1. The former or setting tool are called “RUNNING TOOLS”. Running tools are
design to former various subsurface equipment. If the lock mandrel of
running tool is not fully set, the running tool will not release the lock to set it
in the nipple.

2. The latter “PULLING TOOLS”. Pulling tools are designed to remove various
subsurface equipment from the well. If it is impossible to retrieve the
equipment, the pulling tool can be released by shearing a pin and returning to
the surface. Pulling tools may be designed for either external or internal
fishing necks. Shearing the pin may be achieve by jarring up or down,
depending on the type of tool.
 X-line
the running tools type “X” is to enable the “X” lock to be run selectively into the
profile required.
It has 2 positions, SELECTIVE and NON-SELECTIVE, in which it has to be
manually set at the surface.
Non-selective position

Retainer pin
1. Fishing neck 1. Gap closed by a distance
Shear pin to the movement of the
fully closed
core in the running tool

Keys partially close

2. Keys extended.
Locator dog Dog locator Out
3. Dog locator IN

Selective position
R-line
the running tools type “R” is to enable the “R” lock to be run selectively into
the profile required.
It has 2 positions, SELECTIVE and NON-SELECTIVE, in which it has to be
manually set at the surface.

Retainer pin
Shear pin

Locator dog
2. Pulling Tool
Pulling tools are designed to remove various subsurface equipment from the
well. If it is impossible to retrieve the equipment, the pulling tool can be
released by shearing a pin and returning to surface.
Pulling tools may be designed for either external or internal fishing necks.
 External fishing neck Internal fishing neck Fishing neck

Otis RB, RS Otis GR

Jar Up

Camco JUC, JUS

Otis SB, SS Otis GS

Jar Down

Camco JDC, JDS Camco PRS

• ‘R’ type Pulling tool
The ‘R’ type Pulling Tool is designed to engage an external type
fishing neck, and shear to release by an upward jar action.
The tool is offered in a wide range of sized, with tree reaches in
each size.
1. The short reach version is designated ‘RB’ type.
2. The medium reach version is designated ‘RS’ type.
3. The long reach version is designated ‘RJ’ type.
• ‘S’ type Pulling tool
The ‘S’ type Pulling Tool is a designed to engage an external
type fishing neck, and shear to release by an downward jar
action
The tool is offered in a wide range of sized, with tree reaches
in each size.
1. The short reach version is designated ‘SB’ type.
2. The medium reach version is designated ‘SM’ type.
3. The long reach version is designated ‘SS’ type.

S M B
• JU Pulling tool
The ‘JU’ (Jar up) Pulling Tool is a designed to remove retrievable subsurface
devices with external fishing necks. The ‘JU’ Pulling Tool is jar up to shear
and release tool.
core length;
‘C’ being a long core
‘S’ being a short core
‘L’ is even shorter than ‘S’ but has limited application.
• JD Pulling tool
The ‘JD’ (Jar down) Pulling Tool is a designed to remove retrievable subsurface
devices with external fishing necks. The ‘JD’ Pulling Tool is jar down to shear
and release tool.
core length;
‘C’ being a long core
‘S’ being a short core
‘L’ is even shorter than ‘S’ but has limited application.
•”GS” Pulling Tool
‘GS’ Pulling Tool is designed to latch internal fishing necks, and shear to
release by an downward jar action
‘GS’ is easily converted to a ‘GR’ type shear up tool by adding a ‘GU’
adapter.
•‘GU’ Shear up adapter and ‘GR’ pulling tool
‘GU’ type shear up adapter is a wireline pulling tool device used to convert a
‘GS’ pulling tool (shear down) into a type ‘GR’ pulling tool (shear up).
• Tubing Gauge Cutter
Gauge Cutter uses:
1. To check the tubing ID.
2. To tag the total depth.
3. To locate the nipple ID and No-gos.
4. To cut sand, scale, parafin and other deposits from the
tubing wall.
•Tubing Swage
Tubing swage is designed to “swage out” or
enlarge places in the tubing where the internal
diameter has been reduce or distorted by
excessive force applied with tubing make-up
tongs.
It is recommended that this procedure be applied
several times, until the tool will pass through it
without stopping.
•Blind Box
the Blind Box is used when heavy downward jarring is required
to dislodge a fish, or push something down the hole. It is flat on
the bottom and hardened to reduce wear and damage.
As a “Cutter bar”, it is made up below a piece of stem and rope
socket then drop in the well to cut wire downhole
•L I B. = LEAD IMPRESSION BLOCKS
LIB is used to obtain a ‘picture’ of the downhole
blockage.
Jar down ONCE only, otherwise the multiple
impressions will confuse the image.
•Tubing Broach
The broach is used to remove obstructions in the bore of the tubing, which w
ould damage the packing on flow control devices to be installed using wirelin
e methods..
 •Bailer
The sand bailer is used to remove sand, mud, salt, paraffin,
shale and/or any other loose debris, which may be in the tubing
or casing. Such debris may also be built up on the top of a plug
and its prong, thus preventing it being pulled.
•ShiftingTool
1. “B” Shifting Tool, was designed to open or close all of the SSD’s. it’s depend
the SSD’s type. Tool is design to shift sliding doors only to the up position.

2. “Selective” Shifting Tool, is designed to selective locate and shift sliding doors
only to the down position. The tool is made selective by the lower locating sections
which functions in the same manner as the locating section of the Running Tool.
 1.“B” Shifting Tool
“B” Shifting Tool, was designed to open or close all of the SSD’s.
Tool is design to shift sliding doors only to shift sleeves UPWARDS.
For SSD type XO, XD: jar up to close
For SSD type XA: jar up to open.
“Selective” Downshift Tool
This tool was designed to ‘selectively’ open XO Fishing Neck (1)

and XD SSD’s by lower passing through the upper

sleeves. It can only shift sleeves DOWNWARDS
“This tool does not have a shear pin”
Key Retainer (2)

Key Weldment (3)

Spring (4)

Lower Key Retainer (5)

Socket Screw (6)

Spring (7)

Spring Assembly (8)

Dog Retainer (9)

Spring (10)

Split Ring (11) not shown

Dog (12)

Tungsten Wear Insert

Main Mandrel (13)

Wire Size
wirelines are available in a variety of sizes and materials. The diameter of the
wireline relates directly to its breaking strength.
Solid or slick line
solid single strand of high-strength steel with a small diameter, usually very
flexible. Most common types are 0.108” carbon steel and 0.125” alloy wire.
Strength ranges from 2110 to 3650 lbs.
Braided line
multi-strand cable, common types are 3/16” and 7/32” with strength ranges from
4500 to 6000 lbs.
Nipple
A tubular pipe fitting threaded on both ends, use for making connections
between pipe joint. It is a profile on tubing use to set downhole tool.

Gas Lift Mandrel

A device installed in the tubing string of a gas-lift well onto which or into which
a gas-lift valve is fitted. There are two common types of mandrel.
1. In the conventional gas-lift mandrel, the gas-lift valve is installed as the
tubing is placed in the well. Thus, to replace are repair the valve; the tubing
string must be pulled.
2. In the side pocket mandrel, the valve is installed and removed by Wireline
while the mandrel is still in the well, eliminating the need to pull the tubing to
repair or replace the valve.
Lock Mandrel
A lock mandrel is a device, which will ‘grip’ in the well to provide an anchor for
various flow control devices such as plugs, safety valve, separation tools etc.
It ‘grip’ either by utilising slips, dogs or keys. The lock mandrel also has a
means of sealing around its ‘OD’ to hold pressure.

X key XN key

90° 45°

‘X’ Key have 90 shoulder ‘XN’ Key have 45 shoulder

R key RN key

2 x 90° 2 x 45°

‘R’ Key have 90 shoulder ‘RN’ Key have 90 shoulder
Plug assembly
Plug is one of the flow control device used to block a borehole or passageway
of pressure from wellbore. Whenever a plug is installed, an equalizing device
must always be run in for equalize the pressure above and below the lock.
Plug which is commonly used for Chevron Thailand is PX, PXN, PXL and PR
plug. They are designed to be run in the wells containing solids such as sand
or scale.

Pack Off Assembly

Pack-off are designed to “straddle” or pack off holes and any other
communication in the tubing, while still permitting production to pass through
the hollow center of the pack off.
Sub Surface Safety Valve
A device installed in the production tubing in a well below the wellhead about
400-450 ft. and designed to prevent uncontrolled well flow when actuated or
emergency situation. These devices can be installed and retrieved by Wireline
and pump-down methods or may be installed as an integral part of the tubing
string.
TRSV = Tubing Retrievable Safety Valve is an integral part of the tubing string
installed during the completion. TRSV requires the tubing to be removed for
retrieval of the safety valve.
WRSV = Wireline Retrievable Safety Valve is installed inside the tubing with a
locking device to secure them inside a safety valve landing nipple. WSVC can be
installed and retrieved by wireline

Down Hole Choke

A device with a fixed aperture used to control the rate of flow of liquids and /
or gas. It is set at downhole nipple or tubing.
Separation Tool
X Lock
A device use for separate zone in
well. It is designed to plug the lower
zone and permit flow from the upper Equalizer
Housing (1)

zone especially sand producing zone. Equalizer

The separation tool is made up of: Valve (2)
(melon)

1. X-lock O-ring (3)

2. X-separation sub.
3. Spacer pipe (mandrel extension)
4. Packing mandrel.

Wel

Spacer Orifice
Screw (4)

Lower packing
Side-Wall Cutter
The purpose of this tool is to cut the wireline in the
tubing string when the tools have been blow up the hole
causing the line to ball up around the wireline sockets,
or if the tools have become sanded up. This is run on
another line beside the wire to a point above the fish in
order to cut the wire and enable the wireline spear to
pick up the bulk of the wire above.
Go-Devil
A go-devil is a slotted stem having a fish neck. A small strip
of metal is pinned in the slot to inhibit the wireline from
coming out. It is use is usually limited to fishing operations
where a wireline socket is inaccessible to cut the line. If the
line is cut at some point, the wire may be retrieved and a
further run will retrieve the go-devil thus exposing the next
part of the problem.

Mule shoe
Deer foot
•Alligator Grab
Aalligator Grab is a wireline fishing tool used to catch
and retrieve loose-small objects from within the well
bore.
Please note the alligator grab is no designed to
withstand heavy jarring operations in the event that the
jaws have gripped onto any firmly stuck ‘fish’.
•Magnetic fishing tool
Magnetic fishing tool is a wireline service tool
used to magnetically attract and retrieve ferrous
debris lost in the wellbore.
• PBU and BHPT
• PBU is Pressure build up survey
• BHPT is Bottom hole pressure and temperature

Purpose of PBU : when the engineers are study the data they can
determine
or analysis, if the simulation program as software would be worthwhile to
clear the damaged or open up the formation to allow more gas to be
recovered.
Purpose of BHPT : It helps us to determine or analyzed how much gas that
we have, which will help us to written the program for the well when
perforating as need.
What are the purposes of 0.108 carbon steel and 0.125 alloy wire?

•For Chevron Thailand: the sizes of solid Wireline in most common use are
carbon steel 0.108". However, some wells content the H2S and CO2. The
special material such as 0.125” alloy is used. Although these are not as
strong as 0.108 carbon, steel but they have an excellent resistance to H2S
corrosion.

•Describe advantages and disadvantages of the above wires.

•The 0.108 Carbon steel wire is used for non-corrosive well but relatively
inexpensive. The 0.125 alloy wire is more expensive but very good
resistance to H2S.

Wire Advantage Disadvantage

0.108” Higher strength Easily corroded by CO2

0.125” alloy Good resistance to Lower strength

CO2 corrosion More expensive
THANK YOU