WATER RESOURCES

ENGINEERING
• Introduction
• History
• State of Water Resources in Philippines and Cavite
DEFINITION
Water resources engineering has its roots in
task of:
• Supplying water for human use
• Removing water when humans are finished
using it
• Developingmethods of avoiding water
damage from excess water
DEFINITION
• Specific
kind of engineering that involve
design of new systems and equipment that
help manage human water resources

• Some touch water treatment facilities,

underground well and natural springs
WATER RESOURCES
ENGINEERING
• Engineeringfor both water supply management
and excess water management
• Analysis
and design of water problems: hydraulic
and hydrologic processes
 Pipe flow
 Open channel flow
 Groundwater flow
HISTORY
• Hasevolved over the past 9,000 to 10,000 years as
humans have developed knowledge and techniques for
building hydraulic structures to convey and store water
• Egyptians and Mesopotamians built irrigation networks
• Sadd-el-kafara– world’s oldest dam in Egypt built
between 2950 and 2690 BC (flood control)
HISTORY
• Oldest
known pressurized water distribution
(2000 BC) was in the ancient city of Knossos on
Crete
EARTH’S WATER RESOURCES
• Earth’swater resources includes rivers, lakes,
ocean, and groundwater aquifers which supply
water for irrigation, drinking, sanitation, industry
and provides habitat for aquatic life (Scanlon,
2007)
WATER RESOURCES
• Only0.78 percent of all the water in Earth, which is
coming from surface and groundwater, is available for
consumption of living things
• Due to rapid growth or population and industrialization,
there is an increasing and conflicting demand of water
for different uses
• Supply
and access to water is one of challenges that
humanity face today (Almaden, 2014)
STATE OF WATER RESOURCES
IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Sources
of water (atmospheric, surface water and
groundwater)
• 18 major river basins
• 79 lakes
• Laguna Lake – largest lake with an area of 3,813.2 square
meters
• Severalgroundwater basins are underlain by various rock
formations all around the country and some basins can be
found on Southern Luzon and Cavite-Batangas-Laguna
basins
• Groundwater contributes 14 percent of total water
resource potential of the country
Groundwater Surface Water
Southern Luzon 1,410 6,370
*values in MCM (Million Cubic Meters)
**Source: Greenpeace, 2007

• Cagayan Valley – has highest potential source of

groundwater
• NorthernMindanao – has highest potential source of
surface water
• Central
Visayas has lowest potential source for
groundwater and surface water
STATE OF WATER RESOURCES
IN CAVITE
Cavite
 142, 706 hectares in area
 4 cities
 19 municipalities
 829 barangays
 8 legislative districts
• Has six watersheds:
 Bacoor River Watershed
 Imus River Watershed
 Labac-Alebang River Watershed
 San Juan River Watershed
 Canas River Watershed
 Maragondon River Watershed
• Have several tributaries flowing from Tagaytay
City to Manila Bay with stretches from
municipality of Bacoor City up to Ternate
Water Supply Facilities
• Level 1 – exist in almost entire province except in
Carmona, GMA, and Magallanes
• Level 2 – Rosario, Silang, Tagaytay, Alfonso, Gen.
E. Aguinaldo, Indang, Magallanes and Naic
• Level 3 – available in all cities and municipality
(with service coverage ranging from 12% in Ternate
to 100% in Carmona and GMA)
Existing Water Service Providers
• Local Government Units (LGU)
• Maynilad Water Services, Inc. (MWSI)
• Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA)
supply 3 cities and 9 municipalities
• There are no public sewerage systems in Cavite
and most households dispose wastewater through
septic tanks which pass effluents directly into
canal or watercourses
• Agricultural areas, wastewater is disposed in
sealed latrines or watercourses and drains
• Groundwater pollution is a problem in coastal
areas
CHALLENGES
• Maragondon River – has highest significant sustainable
flow but receives contaminant effluents from large tracts
of agricultural production areas
• Development of groundwater resources through wells is
not recommended in Tagaytay, Alfonso and Mendez
(Elev > 300 m) as it might effect flow of springs used by
local water districts
• Ternate and Maragondon have poor aquifer potential
• Naic and Ternate – avoided due to possible saline
intrusion
ASSIGNMENT
• Discuss 1-3 best solutions to the water challenges that we face today.
• If you live outside Cavite, you can state other problems related to water
resources/management in your community, then discuss your proposed
solutions.
• Once you have access to the CvSU LMS (CvSU eLearning), submit/upload
your answers there.
• Please make your assignment concise. 100-200 words will do. Best answer will
have additional points!