Water availability Scenario

in Goa.
• Pre- liberation , like as in any other state of the country , large
population of the state was dependent for its water needs on
springs, tanks, wells, perennial rivers/nallah and small storages
here there.
• Even though state receives 3000 mm annual average rain fall, still
there is shortage of water in months of march, April and may , as
the rain fall is concentrated in only four months.
• Due to the terrain or geological formation of the land , most of the
water drains into sea as surface runoff.
• To cope with water demand Major / Medium/ Minor Dams like
Salauli, Anjuem, Amthane, Tillari, Chapoli and minor irrigation
schemes etc were implemented by the government after liberation
• Additional storage capacity of 289.73 Mcum is
created.
• Area under irrigation was 7460 Ha in the year
1961, is increased to 35,000 Ha in 2018, by
supplying sufficient quantity of water for irrigation
• Along with irrigation development , major
drinking water treatment plants to supply safe and
potable drinking water cities like Panaji, Mapusa,
Margao ,Vasco & en route villages were
implemented. Up-gradation of the these plants is
ongoing process.
• Drinking water treatment plant capacity of the State was 7
mld in the year 1961. Only few towns like panaji was
covered.
• Now the cumulative treatment capacity of 7 treatment
located at Sanguem, Opa, Cancona,Sankali, Valpoi,
Assonora , Chandel etc is 630 MLD
• Availability of sufficient Water :- Opened up the gates for
development, Industries , Tourism, educational institutions
etc in the state.
• Now State receives about 86 lakhs tourists per year
(peaking in 6 months), i.e that accounts to about 1.50 lakhs
persons /day during peak season
• Population stated raising from 6 lakhs in the year 1961 to
estimated 18 lakhs in 2018
• Due increase in the per capita income and aggressive health
awareness programme
“Water consumption 375 Lit per person / day which the
highest in the country, on par with developed nations”. And
Which is about three times of National average of 135
lit/day/person.
• The Water storage of the major reservoirs have
been fully utilised/ allotted with no surplus water to
spare.
Water Availability in Dams/ Reservoirs in Goa.
( Figures in Ha-m)

SrNo. Dams/ Live Command Irrigation Water Balance

Reservoirs Storages Area componen supply
t componen
t

1. Anjunem 4483 2100 4467 - Nil

2. Salaulim 22716 9876 12800 9490 426
3. Amthane 597 130 200 397 NIL
4. Panchawadi 447 120 - 447 Nil
5. Chapoli 1122 540 700 365 57
 Way forward to secure the water demand
of the state 2050
• To adopt modern scientific irrigation tools , with a
motto of MORE CROP PER DROP.
• To rejunavate and protect the traditional water
bodies such tanks, lakes wells etc
• To adopt water conservation measures like roof top
harvesting,
• To promote ground water recharge programme.
• To create awareness among the people for
economical use of water.
• To plan long term and short measures to create new
and enhance the existing storages
 CONCEPT
ON
STORAGE AND RECHARGE
OF
SURFACE WATER & GROUND WATER
• Consumption water in Country.
• Agriculture --- 91 %
• Drinking - 7%
• Industries ------- 2%
• Estimated availability stored Water in the state
• Surface Water - 3,46,200 Ha-m Estimated 95%
• Ground Water - 14, 543 Ha-m Estimated 5%
• Consumption water in the state.
• Agriculture ;- 89 % ( 2,38,878 ha-m)
• Drinking ;- 10% ( 23,000 ha-m)
• Industries ;- 1% ( 3462 Ha-m)
 Surface water
Effort of the Government to Capture Surface run
off
• Flow from River, Nallahs, Springs by the way of construction of check dams,
bandharas, tanks etc.
• Department has taken up extensive work on series of bandharas to promote
storage water with in the river regime from the year 1999 to 2019.
• Government has constructed over 358 bandharas on various rivers and work in
progress in 15 bandharas in the state
• Estimated quantity of water stored is 5647 Lakhs cum mts.
• Have utilised the river regime to store water, without any submergence.
• Has helped the ground water recharge in the surrounding area and maintained
continuous flow in the river.
Khandepar River Basin
Photographs of bandharas and wiers
 Ground Water
• Scientific study on Dynamic Ground Water resources of Goa was
carried by the department of water resources in association with
CGWB in the year 2014
• With the aim to map the aquifer and estimate the availability of
ground water in the state.
• Study has been conducted by Central Ground Water Board based
on some assumptions like
 In total geographical area, hilly area has been subtracted
 40 % of the area is considered as ground water worthy in the crystallines
as the fractures are limited in crystallines. etc
Static Ground Water Resources of Goa State (2008-09) ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS OF
GOA

AREA : 3702 sq.km

NO OF DISTRICT : 2
NO OF TALUKS : 11
Static Ground Water Resources of Goa State (2008-09)
Static Ground Water Resources of Goa State (2008-09)
SUMMARY
 MICROGEOMORPHIC UNIT IN COASTAL ZONE /WESTERN
ZONE

Beach:
• borders the coast
• 11km long beach in North Goa between Baga and Aguada
• 33 km long beach in south Goa between Velsao and Mobor
• Isolated beaches occur at Keri, Arambol, Morji, Vagator, Anjuna, Nerul,
Miramar, Shirdao, Cape De Rama, Agonda, Palolem, and Pollem
Sand dunes:
• Formed by deposition of windblown sand
• Divided into two types : younger sand dunes and stabilized sand dunes
Coastal plains:
• Are flat terrains covering vast areas between plateaus, creeks and tidal
flats.
• Formed by the erosion and deposition of eroded material
• Maximum elevation 2-5 mts above MSL
• Made up of fine silty sand with thickness of 3.5-5 mts followed by clay
 MIDLAND AND EASTERN ZONE OF GOA

Midland zone:
• Low dissected denudational hills
• Maximum elevation 460 mts above MSL
• Terrain is hilly with intermountain valleys, upland
plains
• Upland plains: flat land like coastal plains at higher
elevation
• Upland valleys : flat valleys located at higher
elevation
Eastern zone:
• High denudation hills all along eastern part
• Maximum elevation 830 mts above MSL
 MICROGEOMORPHIC UNIT IN COASTAL ZONE /WESTERN ZONE
Plateaus:
• Table lands with flat tops and steep slopes
• Elevation is 40-80 mts above MSL
• Plateau tops are covered with hard laterite and slopes are
covered with lateritic soil
• Thickness of hard laterite is 8-10 mts followed by lithomarge clay
and then limonite, jointed and weathered rock and hard rock.
Tidal flats with salt pans:
• Flat terrains along estuaries and tidal creeks
• Made up of tidal mud/marine clay
Estuaries and creeks:
• Semi enclosed coastal body of water where river meets the sea
and creeks are tidal channels through which tidal water moves
inland
GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAP OF GOA
GROUND WATER UNITS IN COASTAL AREAS
 Stress on Coastal Zone
Of all the three zones , most STRESSED ZONE IS THE COASTAL ZONE.

• Coastal zone is the home for settlement , commercial ,tourism ,

institutional, defence , education industries.
• Topography of this zone can be broadly classified as
a) Plateau ( table land) where the industrial , educational,
defence are predominant . In this area bore wells predominant
b) Coastal plains – Mostly settlement , hotels and agriculture.
Here open wells are being used.
• Both the sources of the ground water, are being utilised to the maximum
extent.
• Water drawl is regulated by Goa Ground water regulation Act 2002
• As per the topography and physiology of the site, top crust of the
land is hard laterite strata extending for 10 m . Which does not
permit the percolation of water.
• Below the laterite strata there is clay for a depth in of 15 mts
which too does allow the movement of water.
• Hence the deep water holding aquifer/ strata are located below this band
hard laterite and clay, at an average depth of 25 mts.
• As per the geological setup, is evident that there is difference between
the ground water withdrawal to ground water recharge, which may
lead to depletion of the aquifer and reduce the holding capacity of the
aquifer.
• Hence all the ground water structures need to supplemented by artificial
recharging of the rainwater.
• With a Matto Every bucket of water utilized from the
ground be repalced with a bucket water.
 Methods of recharging
• Direct recharging of aquifer through bore well
with contamination free roof water.
• Recharging of open wells with Roof water.
• Shallow level Recharging with ponds,
pits ,percolation tanks, checkdams etc with or
without shallow infiltration bore holes
• Adopting soil water conservation measures
PERCOLATION TANK
 VERNA TANK
HARVESTING OF POST MONSOON RAIN FOR IRRIGATION
 CHECK DAM
STORING RAINWATER TO RECHARGE GROUNDWATER
Ground water recharge pit with water .
Monsoon 2012
(Behind Kodak Verna)
Ground water recharge pond near Bharti –Duraline
 Conducting infiltration test
(Shallow infiltration bore hole)
Near Sonafa- Aventhi Verna
GROUND WATER RECHARGE POND WITH
INFILTRATION BOREHOLES
Near Sonafa- Aventhi Verna
Check Dam behind G.I.D.C. Verna
Check Dam behind IFB Verna
 HOW SAFE IS THE STATE IN GROUND WATER
Dynamic ground water resource is worked out by WRD jointly with CGWB
in Oct 2021 for the year 2020
As per the report annual ground water availability as on march 2020 is
32169.66 ham
Annual draft is 7554.75 ham
Available resources for future irrigation development is 24190.33ham
Stage of ground water development is 33%
There is no declining trend of Ground Water level during pre and post
monsoon period therefore entire state of Goa falls under the safe
category.
Promotion of water harvesting
Department proposes to encourage water harvesting by
providing financial assistance to registered group of
farmer/NGO/self help groups /schools etc for taking up
community water harvesting works , where in which a
financial assistance to the extent of 80% of the cost of
work, with maximum limit of Rs 5.00 Lakhs per work.
For individual for rain water or rooftop water harvesting ,
there is subsidy of Rs 50,000/- and community and
commercial an amount of Rs2.50 Lacks or 50% which
ever is less be provided.
Dept also gives subsidy of Rs 50,000/- per well for
development and cleaning of wells.