Biological Development

Heizel C. Allam
Submitted to: Ma'am Thelma Cabanilla
A.Biological Beginnings

• Culture
•Norm
•Behavior Genetics
•Molecular Genetics
 B. Physical and Motor
Development
Physical development is divided into two areas, growth and development.
Growth is the physical changes of, the increase in size, height and weight.
Developmentis how children gain control over their physical actions to do complicated
and difficultactivities more skillfully and easily.Physical development is divided into
fine motor skills and gross motor skills.
Fine motor skills
This is the development and control of smaller muscles of the hands, fingers andfeet
so that a child can do more delicate tasks e.g. drawing, fastening buttons andthreading
beads.
Gross motor skillsThis is the development and control of the whole body and the
larger muscles movements such as crawling, walking, jumping, running, and more.
C. Nueroscience and Brain
Development
From the birth period, the child’s brain is developed in a fast
and effective way. This period marks the beginning of the
neuropsychomotor development, the learning of
movements of the head, arms, hands, legs and feet. The
child becomes able to touch and handle objects as well as
capable in developing speaking skills through the
interactions with the environment.
As the child interacts with the environment, new synaptic
connections are formed in the brain, resulting in different
learning and skills.
 At two, the children gain the ability to freely move
arms and legs and have grown in physical strength.
They are able to socialize with other children and
differentiate a variety of objects, such as indicating
toys and materials of their own preference. This is
a great opportunity to stimulate physical, manual
and social skills with in-group recreational activities
and the handling of small musical instruments.
 Three-year-old children develop fine motor
skills, which are the ability to use and control
the small muscles of the body, such as
holding on a pencil to draw, handling stories
books, cutting or tearing a paper and wearing
or buttoning a shirt..
When children are between four and six years old,
they demonstrate interest in plays of make-believe
and recreational activities with peers. This is the
ideal stage for the apprenticeship of social skills
such as empathy, cooperation, trust, solidarity and
respect for others.
As we can see, children are born with a great potential of
development and learning, especially during the first six
years of life, because of the plasticity that the brain has. It
resembles a sponge by managing to apprehend a range of
information and knowledge.
The key to a healthy child development is in the
importance of providing stimulus and learning
environments so that the child can develop and improve his
or her physical, cognitive, social and affective skills.
 D. Factors affecting
Biological/ Physical
Development
1. Genetics
This is one factor we can’t really help but transfer to our
children without any interference. Physical aspects such as
height, weight, body texture, eye color, the texture of hair,
and even physical and mental aptitude are naturally passed
on from parents to their children. And not just the
positives, your negative physical aspects such as any
diseases if present or ill conditions might also be passed on
to your children.
2. Environment
Whether it is the geographical location and the
physical surroundings or the mental and emotional
surroundings of the child, there is a huge effect of the
environment on the growth and development of a
young child. The physical surroundings can affect the
child’s interests and activities majorly, while the
mental and emotional surroundings will affect how
the child surrounds themselves when they grow up.
Something to remember is that the kind of
environment you create for young children during
their developing years, is the kind of environment
they will unconsciously engage in, all their lives.
3. Gender
We all know how gender affects us in different ways.
Especially during puberty, a girl and boy will differ
growing up with regard to their physical and mental
development, consciously, as well as unconsciously.
Their temperaments, choices, likes, dislikes, behavior,
all will be different, and which is why it makes it all
the more important to teach them moral values that
help them live a more gender-inclusive life. This is
when they’re most impressionable about their own, as
well as the other genders.
4. Physical and Mental Well Being
Another factor we’re all well aware of is how
physical and mental exercise or well-being
affects children. A healthy lifestyle that
includes moderate amounts of sports, and
exercise is important for their physical well-
being and can contribute greatly to their
growth and development.
5. Nutrition
Nutrition is a key factor affecting growth in
children, that we need to be extra cautious of
in this day and age. We need to pay complete
attention to the intake of vital nutrients when
the food is processed, especially the food that
attracts children the most, such as chips, soda,
chocolates, etc.
6. Family & Social Life
The family environment and social life will be
the building blocks of their adult lives, hence
contributing greatly to their growth and
development. More than material things, what
affects the growth and development in children
is the love they receive. Moreover, what will
greatly help them all through their lives is
what they learn about relationships from their
immediate surroundings, such as their families
and friends.
7. Education
Needless to say, the kind of education children
receive will greatly affect the growth and
development of your child. And not only the
education and learning they receive at school,
but it’s also important what they constantly
learn at home.
8. Play
As much as education is important for the growth
and development of your children, so is play. So
make sure you create an environment that allows
them to play and be as creative as they can, apart
from studying and getting good grades at school.
For such learning at home, tech learning toys and
educational games can be a great tool to let them
creatively build their own play toys and then feel
the pride and pleasure of interacting with them as
a user! Play time in the outdoors will also
contribute to their physical nourishment and well
being.
9. Cultural Nourishment
It’s so easy to be entertained in the current
times. Especially with so much content in our
(and our children’s) hands, we need to be
mindful of the kind of content they consume
and how much. The kind of culture they’re
exposed to will greatly contribute to the
growth and development of your children.
10. Socio Economic Conditions
In an unbiased world, this might not affect the
opportunities of growth and development in a
child. But unfortunately in our world, it very
much does. Even so, being open about the
economic conditions of your family can help
the child gain a positive view about the world,
even with limited opportunities.