EXAMPLE OF ETHNOCENTRISM

CULTURAL RELATIVISM
I BEG TO DISAGREE
TAKE HOME ACTIVITY
MAKE A DIGITAL POSTER TAKE HOME ACTIVITY
Learning Task 3:
The 3-IN-1 Learning
Stations Carefully look at
each picture. Give your
descriptions pertaining to
their:
1. CULTURE or way of
living
2. PHYSICAL capacity in
doing the task
3.The kind of
LEADERSHIP they have
HUMAN CULTURAL EVOLUTION
It is a saying that “human has no contentment”. As the
environment changes, we continuously grow and find ways to
make maximize our effort as we live. It is very evident in the
different stages of human cultural evolution: Palaeolithic Period,
Neolithic Period, and Age of Metal. The term “Palaeolithic” was
coined by archaeologist John Lubbock in 1865. It is derived the
from Greek word, palaios, which means "old"; and, lithos, "stone",
In short, the Palaeolithic Period, which happened 2.5 million years
ago, is also known as "Old Stone Age".
 PALAEOLITHIC PERIOD
In the PALAEOLITHIC PERIOD, the
Earth was extremely cold and ocean
levels were much lower than they are
now. Due to the cold climate, much of
the Stone Age is also called the Ice
Age.

During these years, people were

nomads and able to use simple tools
and weapons made of unpolished
stone. The caves served as their
shelter.
 NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
The NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION is also
called as the First Agricultural
Revolution. During this period, there
was a wide-scale transition of many
human cultures from a lifestyle of
hunting and gathering to of agriculture
and settlement kind of society which
eventually led to population increase.
People depend on domesticated plants
and animals. They learned to create
such crafts as pottery and weaving.
They likewise developed boat as means
of transportation and for fishing as well.
From being nomads during the
early stage, human began to
develop a sedentary type of
society of which they built-up
villages and towns.
This period was known as Age of
Metals (4000 B.C – 1500 B.C). The
used of metal such as bronze,
copper, and iron produced a new
historical development from the
cradle civilization of Egypt,
Mesopotamia, Persia including the
India, and China which later spread
throughout Asia.
 Three stages distinguished within this Age due to the
different types of metals that were used:

1. Copper Age
2. Bronze Age
3. Iron Age

COPPER was the first known metal, it is of a low hardness

and it was used to make ornaments; bronze is an alloy of
copper and tin and it is harder and stronger than copper.
Several eastern Mediterranean peoples discovered this
metallurgy and progressed rapidly
During this age, agricultural tools were
developed with bronze, such as plows
and sickles, military weapons like
swords, spears and shields, as well as
household utensils like jars, bowls and
cups.
EARLY CIVILIZATION and
RISE of the STATE
ANCIENT STATE AND CIVILIZATION One of the
earliest states and civilizations was found in the Fertile
Crescent which is known as the Mesopotamian
civilization. The word Mesopotamia is a Greek word
for “Land between two rivers” which is often referred to
as the cradle of civilization. It is the region of the
Western Asia located between the Tigris and
Euphrates Rivers. It is known as the Fertile Crescent
where the first evidence of agriculture was also found.
Here the first human civilizations were taking the
earliest steps from hunter-gatherer society into settled
community.
MODERN STATE AND CIVILIZATION
In the European continent, several
states and civilization grew
tremendously over centuries. In
England, around 1500s, most of the
people lived in small villages. They paid
tithes to their feudal landlords. Henry VII
won the War of the Roses in England,
which led into what is known as the
Tudor dynasty, and begun the
development of the English nation-
state.
Spain in the year 1492,
Spanish monarchs
Ferdinand and Isabella
took Spain back from
the Muslim. It became
the era of Spain as a
global power.
France, Louis XIV of France
created an absolute monarchy.
France became the dominant
power in Europe. When The
French Revolution broke out, it
created the modern French
nation-state, which sparked
nationalism around Europe
1914, when various nation-
states started to claim their
power and superiority over all
the nations in the world, the
World War I begun until 1918. In
1919, Treaty of Versailles ended
the World War I. It divided
several multinational empires
that led to the creation of several
new nation-states.
1939, the World War
II started until 1945.
The end of World
War II led to the
formation of United
Nations in 1945
THE STATE OF THE PEOPLE: DEMOCRATIC STATE In
the recent decade after the two World Wars, people are
becoming more active in their government and state affairs,
in which people become the source of political power and
government rules. This evolution in the government is known
as the process of democratization, or simply democracy –
the rule of the people.
DEMOCRATIZATION is the transition to a more
democratic political regime, including substantive political
changes moving in a democratic direction. It may be the
transition from an authoritarian regime to a full democracy, a
transition from an authoritarian political system to a semi-
democracy or transition from a semiauthoritarian political
system to a democratic political system.
 WHAT a democracy is a
form of government
IS
where the citizens of
A the nation have the
DEMOCRACY? power to vote.
 There are several different types of democracies;

(1) a (2) direct (3)

representative democracy is constitutional
democracy is a when the democracy
system where citizens form a limits the
citizens choose governing powers of
government body and vote government
representatives directly on
among their through the
issues, nation’s
citizens,
Learning Task 4: “A Better Me in My Society” As a millennial and a Filipino youth, how will you respond and
adapt to this changing world where people and society have indeed developed and became more
advanced than before? However, consider some circumstances that are hooked on it.
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:
1. Identify the concepts and aspects of socialization.
2. Identify the concepts and aspects of enculturation.
3. Determine the connection between the agents of
socialization and enculturation to the development of an
individual.
4. Value the significance of socialization and enculturation
to the development of one’s self.
Look at the table below.
Check whether the
examples are Tangible
Cultural Heritage or
Intangible Cultural
Heritage. Remember that
tangible cultural Heritage’
refers to physical artifacts
produced, maintained and
transmitted from one
generation to another in
the society while
Intangible Cultural
Heritage refers to the
practices, representations,
expressions, knowledge,
skills that communities,
groups and, in some
cases, individuals
recognize as part of
Cultural Heritage.
LEARNING TASK 1:
TAKE IT A PART Take
a look at the image
below. Consider
everything that forms
the image. What is
represented by each
icon?
Understanding Culture, Society
and Politics

SOCIALIZATION
Socialization simply means the process of learning one’s society
and its culture. It is moreover the same as interacting, mingling and
being with other people or groups within or outside of your society.
FAMILY is the first agent of socialization.
Most of the habits, manners, beliefs and
the way we think are develop in the family.
A huge part of your personality is molded
by your family because this is where you
spent your childhood.
School is another agent of
socialization. Here, you interact or
socialize with other people- your
classmates, teachers, administrators
and others which are outside your
family within a society.
Peer Group is both a social group and a primary group of people who have
similar interests, age, background, or social status. The members of this group
are likely to influence the person's beliefs and behaviour. During adolescence,
peer groups tend to face dramatic changes.
Religion plays a very important role in socialization. Agents of socialization differ in
effects across religious traditions. Some believe religion is an ethnic or cultural category,
making it less likely for the individuals to break from religious affiliations and be more
socialized in this setting.
Media are considered a powerful agent of
socialization, responsible for shaping an
individual's socialization process. Major
agents of socialization are the family, the
school, peers, media, religion, work, the
ethnic background, or political climate.
The workplace can function as an
agent of socialization when
employees are socialized using the
onboarding process include formal
meetings, lectures, videos, printed
materials and computer-based
orientations.
Socialization is really a necessity for it
develops you as person.
 ENCULTURATION
We are living in a society of many cultures. Culture is the
customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial,
religious or social group (merriam-webster. com). These cultures
make people different from one another. A group has a set of shared
attitudes and practices which are partially or even totally apart from
what others have.
According to Stephen A. Grunland and Marvin K. Mayers
(1988) (as cited from Hoebel, 1982), enculturation is both a
conscious and an unconscious conditioning process whereby
man, as child and adult, achieves competence in his culture,
internalizes his culture and becomes thoroughly enculturated.
Socializing with people plays a great part in achieving it.
He/she deals with. An individual also learns from observing
the surrounding he/she is in.
As a child lives with his family and the community, he/she
adapts socially accepted values (e.g. attending to religious
obligations, respecting the elders, etc.) At a very young age,
a child is instilled with values by his/her parents and family.
In a community, a person may be inspired to practice social duties
and obligations as observed and learned from those who do great
contributions for the welfare of most people. In these practices,
one may also become a steward of goodwill.
A teenager learns to clothe himself/herself like his/her friends or in great chances, adapts
how they behave and act. He / She appreciate the value of friendship, learn to find joy in
sharing commonalities and accepts differences in choices and decisions.

His / Her confidence in dealing with people can be rooted from a well-maintained
relationship with friends
Parents and other authorities are called
the initiators of enculturation. As one is
enculturated by those initiators, the
process is manifested in his/her actions,
choices and decisions.
Thank you
very much!