ACADEMIC WRITING

Submitted to Ma’am Sobia

Submitted by Mahnoor Asif
LHR2058
TOPIC:
•Cohesion
 WHAT IS COHESION?

• Cohesion: A condition of sticking tightly together.

• Cohesion in a paragraph: All sentences in a paragraph are sticking together.
 WHAT ARE COHESIVE DEVICES?

“A DEVICE WHICH HOLDS THE PARTS OF A THING TOGETHER IS CALLED COHESIVE

DEVICE.”
In terms of communication, cohesive devices are typically single words or phrases that hold and
hang different parts of text.
 WHAT ARE COHESIVE DEVICES?

• Cohesive devices link sentences, paragraphs or any pieces of text.

• Cohesive devices make our content coherent.
• Cohesive devices tell the reader what we are doing in a sentence and help to guide them through
our writing.
• Cohesive devices are words like ‘For example‘, ‘In conclusion‘, ‘however‘ and ‘moreover‘
etc..
 TYPES OF COHESIVE DEVICE

1. REFERENCES
2. SUBSTITUTION
3. ELLIPSIS
4. CONJUNCTION
5. LEXICAL ITEM
 REFERENCE

• References is used to describe the different ways in which entities-things-people, events are referred to
within texts.

• Linguistics feature e.g. pronoun are used to refer to the already mentioned Entities.

• Substitution
• It is replacement of one linguistic item by another i.e. Replacement of One
word/phrase with another word/ phrase
• Some times you use instead of thing you would normally use.

• A.I will have two eggs on the bread

• B.I will have the same.

3.ELLIPSIS

• It is the deletion or omission of a linguistic item.

• A. where are you going ? B. To town instead I am going to inset

4.LEXICAL COHESION
•  Lexical cohesion is established through vocabulary. Lexical cohesion is created by
REITERATION and COLLOCATION(the way in which particular Words tend to occur or
belong together).
EXAMPLE OF COHESIVE DEVICES

• Linking Words to Add

• Linking Words to Compare
• Linking Words to Prove
• Linking words to Show Sequence
FUNCTIONS OF COHESIVE DEVICES
• To introduce an additional idea
• To introduce contrast
• To introduce a choice or alternative
• To introduce a restatement or explanation
• To introduce an example
• To introduce a conclusion or summary :-
• To introduce a similar idea :-
• To introduce result or consequences :-