JCBUST

Sector 6,
Faridabad

CNC PEN PLOTTER

(WITH AUTOMATIC TOOL CHANGER)
 JCBUST
Sector 6,
Faridabad

PRESENTED BY : PROJECT MENTOR :

Prince Soni (19001013087) Dr. RAJEEV
Mridul Sethi (19001013074)
Priyal Pahuja (19001013088) SAHA
Mukul Sharma (19001013075)
Priyanshu Sharma (19001013089)
Contents
 Introduction
 CAD Model
 Mechanisms Used
 Components Used
 3D Printed Parts
 Software Used
 Project Advancements
Introduction
Computer Numeric Control (CNC) is the automation of machine tools that are operated by precisely
programmed commands encoded on a storage medium (computer command module, usually located on the
device) as opposed to controlled manually by hand wheels or levers, or mechanically automated by cams alone.
A pen plotter, also often referred to as an XY plotter, is also a computer-controlled machine that draws graphics
or text with incredible speed and precision. An image is created by one or more writing implements, which are
raised, lowered, and moved over the printing media to draw.
Unlike conventional printers, pen plotters recreate the appearance of hand drawing, and can consistently create
high-quality prints. Depending on the writing device chosen, pen plotters can easily draw on cardboard, plastic,
sheet steel, and any other flat sheet materials.
CAD MODEL
MECHANISMS USED
1. X-axis
 The movement along the x axis will be done with
the help of lead screw mechanism.
 A lead screw turns rotary motion into linear motion
combining a screw and a nut where the screw thread
is in direct contact with the nut thread.
 It has a T shaped design, and is made of high quality
stainless steel material.
 It is easy to install and convenient to use.
2. Y-axis
 The movement along the y axis will be done with
the help of pulley belt mechanism.
 In a belt and pulley system, a belt runs along
pulley’s groove so that the power can be transferred
either from one pulley to another or from the pulley
directly to the application that requires power.
 A gear timing belt is used in this project with GT2
pulley to prevent slippage during the movement.
COMPONENTS USED
1. Arduino UNO
 It is a microcontroller board, which contains on
board power supply, USB port to communicate with
PC, and an Atmel microcontroller chip.
 It simplifies the process of creating any control
system as it can be programmed and connected to
the system without the need of any sophisticated
PCB design.
2. CNC Shield V3
 The extension board can be used for Small CNC
routers, Carving Machine, 3D Printers, DIY Laser
Cutters, and almost any project where you need to
control a stepper motors with high precision.
 This shield allows you to control up to 4 stepper
motors.
 Controller each stepper motor requires 2 I/O Pins
only, which saves a lot of I/O Pins for other
purposes.
3. Stepper Driver
 It is the driver circuit that controls how the stepper
motor operates.
 They work by sending current through various
phases in pulses to the stepper motor.
 The driver model used in this project is A4988.

MS1 MS2 MS3 Resolution

Low Low Low Full Step
High Low Low Half Step
Low High Low Quarter Step
High High Low Eighth Step
High High High Sixteenth Step
4. Stepper Motor
 It is a brushless DC electric motor that divides a full
rotation into a number of equal parts.
 Stepper motors are so named because each pulse of
electricity turns the motor one step.
 Stepper motors are controlled by a driver, which
sends the pulses into the motor causing it to turn.
 Two types of stepper motors are used in this project
of following standards:
1. NEMA 17 (holding torque of 4.2 kg-cm)
2. NEMA 17 (holding torque of 2.5 kg-cm)
5. Servo Motor
 A servo motor is a general term used for a specific
kind of linear or rotary actuators.
 Basically, the name servo motor is related to the
term servomechanism, which means that the motor
is constantly monitored to control its motion.
 It has the capability to rotate with great precision.
 A SG90 Servo Motor is used in this project to grab
the pen at its position.
6. Power Supply
 A power supply is an electrical device that
supplies electric power to an electrical load.
 The main purpose of a power supply is to
convert electric current from a source to the
correct voltage, current, and frequency to power the
load.
 A Maxicom 12V 15A 180W power supply is used
in this project to power the load.
7. Linear Rails
 A Linear Rail System is designed to support the
movement and load of a piece of equipment in a
linear way, either vertically or horizontally.
 A MGN15H Linear Rail Guide with MGN15H
Carriage block is being used to support the
movement along x as well as y axis.

MG N 15 H
Narrow Elongated block
Miniature guideways Rail width
3D PRINTED PARTS
SOFTWARES USED
1. Siemens NX
 Siemens NX software is a flexible and powerful
integrated solution that helps you deliver better
products faster and more efficiently.
 Supporting every aspect of product development,
from concept design through engineering and
manufacturing, NX gives you an integrated toolset
that coordinates disciplines, preserves data integrity
and design intent, and streamlines the entire process.
 It is a CAD modelling software which is being used
in this project for the modelling and assembly of
different parts of the project.
2. Arduino CC
 Arduino is an open-source electronics platform
based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It's
intended for anyone making interactive projects.
 The open source Arduino Software makes it easy to
write code and upload it to the board according to
the requirement.
 The software is used to set up Arduino UNO by
uploading the firmware in the board and making it
compatible to use with CNC Shield.
3. Illustrator
 Adobe Illustrator is the industry-leading graphic
design tool that lets you design anything you can
imagine from logos and icons to graphics and
illustrations and customize it with professional-level
precision.
 One can use the graphics they create with Illustrator
in any size digital or print format, and be confident
it will look exactly the way they designed them.
 The software will be used to draw graphical
illustrations on PC which will be further sent to the
plotter for getting a drawing on the sheet.
4. GRBL
 GRBL is an open source software or firmware
which enables motion control for CNC machines.
 We can easily install the GRBL firmware to an
Arduino and so we instantly get a low cost, high
performance CNC controller.
 The GRBL uses G-code as input, and outputs
motion control via the Arduino .
 The software is being used to convert the graphic
illustrations to G codes which are further sent as
input for controlling the motion of motors.
Advancements in Project
 The pen of the machine can be replaced by a laser to make it work like a laser engraving or cutting machine
which can be used on wood.
 The pen can also be replaced with a powerful drill so that it can be used for both milling and drilling purposes.
 The servo can be replaced with a stepper motor and the pen with a 3D pen to convert it into a 3D printer
which can print objects with dimensions.
 By extrapolation of the axes, the working area of the machine can be extended keeping the algorithm
unaltered.
THANK YOU!