Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 2 Methods

    Uploaded by

    Andri
    11 views12 pages
    Researchers study groups through three critical requirements: 1) reliable and valid measurement methods like Bales's IPA and SYMLOG observational coding systems or Moreno's sociometric self-report surveys; 2) research procedures like experiments that test hypotheses about causal relationships; and 3) organizing theories about groups. Common measurement methods include observational coding of behaviors and self-reports of perceptions, both of which must demonstrate reliability and validity. Researchers use case studies of real groups, experiments that manipulate variables, and correlational designs examining relationships between variables to understand group processes. Theoretical perspectives that guide research include motivational, behavioral, cognitive, systems, and biological approaches.

    Original Description:

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    Researchers study groups through three critical requirements: 1) reliable and valid measurement methods like Bales's IPA and SYMLOG observational coding systems or Moreno's sociometric self-report surveys; 2) research procedures like experiments that test hypotheses about causal relationships; and 3) organizing theories about groups. Common measurement methods include observational coding of behaviors and self-reports of perceptions, both of which must demonstrate reliability and validity. Researchers use case studies of real groups, experiments that manipulate variables, and correlational designs examining relationships between variables to understand group processes. Theoretical perspectives that guide research include motivational, behavioral, cognitive, systems, and biological approaches.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    11 views12 pages

    2 Methods

    Uploaded by

    Andri
    Researchers study groups through three critical requirements: 1) reliable and valid measurement methods like Bales's IPA and SYMLOG observational coding systems or Moreno's sociometric self-report surveys; 2) research procedures like experiments that test hypotheses about causal relationships; and 3) organizing theories about groups. Common measurement methods include observational coding of behaviors and self-reports of perceptions, both of which must demonstrate reliability and validity. Researchers use case studies of real groups, experiments that manipulate variables, and correlational designs examining relationships between variables to understand group processes. Theoretical perspectives that guide research include motivational, behavioral, cognitive, systems, and biological approaches.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 12

    Studying Groups

    How do researchers test their theories and hypotheses


    about groups and their dynamics?
    What Are the Three Critical Requirements of a Scientific

    Study of Groups?

    Reliable and valid measurement


    Research procedures to test hypotheses
    about groups
    Theories that organize knowledge of
    groups
    What Methods Do Researchers Use to Measure
    Individual and Group Processes?
    Observational measures:
    observing and
    recording events
    – Qualitative and quantitative
    (structured) measures
    • Bales's Interaction
    Process Analysis (IPA)
    classifies behaviors into
    two categories: task and
    relationship behaviors
    • Bale’s SYMLOG (Systematic Multiple Level Observation
    of Groups) identifies 3 key dimensions:
    dominance/submissiveness, friendliness/unfriendliness,
    and acceptance of authority/nonacceptance of authority.
    What Methods Do Researchers Use to Measure

    Individual and Group Processes?

    Self-report measures: group members


    describe their perceptions and
    experiences
    – Example: Moreno's sociometry method
    – Sociometric structures: stars, rejected, etc.
    What Methods Do Researchers Use to Measure

    Individual and Group Processes?

    Any measure, to be scientifically useful,


    must have reliability and validity.
    What Are the Key Characteristics of, and Differences
    Between Case, Experimental, and Correlational Studies
    of Group Processes?

    Case study
    – Example: Groupthink groups (Janis)
    – Bona fide groups
    Experiments
    – Key features
    • manipulate independent variable
    • measure dependent variable
    • control other variables
    What Are the Key Characteristics of, and Differences
    Between Case, Experimental, and Correlational Studies
    of Group Processes?

    Experiments (cont.)
    – Example: Lewin, Lippitt, and White’s study of
    leadership
    – Strength: Test cause-effect relationships
    What Are the Key Characteristics of, and Differences
    Between Case, Experimental, and Correlational Studies
    of Group Processes?

    What are the strengths and weaknesses of case,


    experimental, and correlational designs?
    – Case studies: atypical of most groups, subjective,
    stimulate theory
    – Experiments: too artificial, not “real” groups, but
    clearest test of cause and effect.
    – Correlational studies: limited information about
    causality but precise estimates of the strength of
    relationships, less artificial, fewer ethical concerns
    – Multilevel approaches are uniquely informative
    What Theoretical Perspectives Guide
    Researchers’ Studies of Groups?

    Motivational models: Lewin's level-of-aspiration


    theory
    Behavioral approaches: Thibaut and Kelley's
    social exchange theory
    Systems theory: Input-process-output models of
    performance
    Cognitive theories: Berger's expectation-states
    theory
    Biological perspectives: Evolutionary psychology
    (or sociobiology)

    You might also like