Terminal Examination Spring 2020

Student Name:Jazib Ali

Course Name:Probability & Statistics
Registration ID: 20507-1201221
Q#01:Basis for determining probabilities?
Answer:
o In the subjective approach, we define probability as the
degree of belief that we hold in the occurrence of an
event. Thus, judgment is used as the basis for
assigning probabilities.
o The scientific study of probability is a modern
development of mathematics. gambling shows that
there has been an interest in quantifying the ideas of
probability for millennia, but exact mathematical
descriptions arose much later. There are reasons for the
slow development of the mathematics of probability.
Q#02:Defination of Probability?
Answer:
Probability is a branch of mathematics that deals with calculating the
likelihood of a given event's occurrence, which is expressed as a number
between 1 and 0. An event with a probability of 1 can be considered a
certainty: for example the probability of a coin toss resulting in either
heads or "tails" is because there are no other options, assuming the coin
lands flat. An event with a probability of can be considered to have
equal odds of occurring or not occurring.
 The probability of a coin toss resulting in heads is . because the toss is
equally as likely to result in tails. An event with a probability of 0 can be
considered an impossibility: for example, the probability that the coin
will land (flat) without either side facing up is 0, because either heads
or tails must be facing up. A little paradoxical, probability theory applies
precise calculations to quantify uncertain measures of random events.
Q#03:Smpling distribution of mean with replacement?
Answer:
In sampling with replacement the mean of all sample
means equals the mean of the population:
When sampling with replacement the standard deviation of
all sample means equals the standard deviation of the population
divided by the square root of the sample size
when sampling with replacement.
The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean. If repeated
random samples of a given size n are taken from a population of
values for a quantitative variable, where the population mean is μ
(mu) and the population standard deviation is σ (sigma) then
the mean of all sample means (x-bars) is population mean μ
(mu).
Q#04:Difference of mean of two population?
Answer:
Independent and Dependent Samples
It is important to be able to distinguish between an independent sample
or a dependent sample.
 Independent sampleThe samples from two populations
are independent if the samples selected from one of the populations has
no relationship with the samples selected from the other population.
 Dependent sampleThe samples are dependent also called paired data if
each measurement in one sample is matched or paired with a particular
measurement in the other sample. Another way to consider this is how
many measurements are taken off of each subject. If only one
measurement, then independent; if two measurements, then paired.
Exceptions are in familial situations such as in a study of spouses or twins.
In such cases, the data is almost always treated as paired data.
Q#05:Hypothesis testing proportion?
Answer:
o A statistical hypothesis test is a procedure for
deciding between two possible statements about a
population. The phrase significance test means the
same thing as the phrase hypothesis test. The two
competing statements about a population are
called the null hypothesis and the
alternative hypothesis.