MODULE5

ENVIRONMENT
 ENVIRONMENT

It is perceived as the immediate

surroundings of an individual. In a
boarder context, environment is a
complex system which deals with a
network of living and non-living
entities.
 ⚫ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
 
It is a zero-waste management through total
recycling for the community. Its main objective is to
make the community permanently and regularly
clean, sanitary and litter less. It also inspires and
elicits maximum voluntary participation from
almost all of the people and various sectors of the
community while persuasively challenging the
creativity skills and capabilities for cooperation and
unity.
⚫ ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
act of 2000 – RA 9003

⚫ Republic Act 9003 considers “waste as a resource

that can be recovered,” emphasizing re-cycling, re-
use and composting as methods to minimize and
eventually manage the waste program.
⚫ This act aims for the reduction of solid waste through
“source reduction and waste minimization measures
including composting, recycling, re-use, recovery,
green charcoal process, and others before collection,
treatment, and disposal in appropriate and
environmentally sound solid waste management
facilities in accordance with ecologically sustainable
development principles”. (Section2-C)
⚫ It also sets to “ensure the proper segregation,
collection, transport, storage, treatment, and
disposal of solid waste through formulation and
adoption of the best environmental practice in
ecological waste management excluding
incineration”. (Section 2-D)
⚫ Further, this Act gives strong emphasis on the role
of municipal and local government units (LGUs). It
empowers the LGUs to create solid waste
management communities even in the barangay
level. This requires the participation of non-
government offices, people’s organizations, church
leaders, educators, and other business and
community associations.
 BENEFITS OF ECOLOGICAL SOLID
WASTE MANAGEMENT

⚫Simplified, hygienic, dignified

management of household waste
⚫Maximum and optimum recovery or
retrieval of much needed, costly materials
⚫Enhanced ecological balance of the
environment, eliminating open dump sites,
lessening pollution of our soil, air and
water resources
⚫Served as a springboard or starting point for
useful, timely household or barangay level
projects to help our people endure or
overcome the present economic crisis such
as:
◦ Food production (backyard vegetable gardens,
mini-space, container gardens, eco-pounds using
household waste water for raising kangkong,
gabi, kuhol, tialapia, azola, etc.)
◦ Cottage industries (handicraft, house-décor, toys)
utilizing discarded materials and generating
employment for housewives, out of school youth
and school children
 ◦ Herbal gardens, ornamental plant nurseries, fruit
bearing, fuel or firewood supplying trees (like ipil
ipil), organic compost-making techniques,
greening and reforestation projects
◦ Trash-to-cash projects to generate seed capital for
health services and health education projects, and
vocational training programs

⚫Easily accessible/affordable, result-visible

projects that can be easily understood by
almost everyone
 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF ECOLOGICAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT
 
1. Utilizing appropriate technology in existing dump
site to prolong their life
2. Initially reduce volume of waste stream that mix
both compostable and non-compostable waste
3. Reduce pollution by lessening unnecessary burning
4. Reduce the incidence of diseases associated with
unsanitary or unhygienic waste disposal
5. Utilize waste material for income generating
projects such as urban gardening and livestock
raising, cottage industry
 METHODOLOGY OF THE FIVE F’s
TOTAL RECYCLING

The two kinds of solid waste are:

1. Non-biodegradable or non-compostable
Factory returnable :
(dry paper, cardboards, plastic rubber, glass,
bottles, mirror, metals, mineral, tin cans,
dry fibers or pieces of clothing, and wood
2. Biodegradable or compostable
⚫ Feed materials :
(food leftovers, kitchen or cooking waste, fruit peeling,
vegetable trimmings, egg shells, and fish entrails)
⚫ Fertilizer materials :
(food leftovers, kitchen refuse, animal wastes, garden
wastes such as dry leaves and other plant parts,
sawdust and wood shavings)
⚫ Fuel materials:
(saw dust, shavings, wood boxes, rice hull, coco shells,
corn cobs, coffee hull, newspapers, and cardboards)
⚫ Filling materials :
(porcelain chips and useable plastics)
What are the most productive/useful/healthful
uses of each of the five F’s?

1. Factory recyclables can be used for handicrafts or sold to

junk shops
2. Feed materials can be used for house pets, livestock or for
composting
3. Fertilizer materials can be used for making compost to
enrich the soil for growing vegetables, medicinal plants
and ornamental plants and fruit trees
4. Fuel materials can be used for cooking purposes
5. Filling materials are unusable or unwanted materials
which can be compactly packed in plastic bags buried low
places putting stones and soil over these filling materials
⚫ Why are compostable deadly when not properly managed?
⚫ Even if organic compostable are just 10 to 20% per
households and with lesser volume, the potential problems of
increasing the density of flies, cockroaches, rodents (rats) by
providing food, harborages and breeding grounds are really
dangerous.
⚫ Every minute, three Filipinos die, 80% are most related to
filth-borne associated diseases or poor management of solid or
liquid waste. The sad thing is that most of them are children
below 6 years of age.
⚫ Compostable or organic biomass when allowed on the
surface, water body would mean reduction of dissolved oxygen
due to organism planktons growth competing with the oxygen.
This result to reduction of fish population due to fish kill bloom
is inevitable. Siltation sedimentation caused by organic biomass
will eventually kill the coral reef (hence 70% of corals are
damaged) due to compostable being eroded by rain.
 Why dump sites increase ecological problems?

1. To maintain a dump site is very expensive and it lowers

the values of the land plus it attracts household pests and
pollution problems
2. Scavengers are difficult to control at dump sites. The
practice of dump site sorting will bring more misery to the
poor and will increase the disease pattern with volume of
waste uncontrolled, top soil covering will be very
expensive in both equipment and energy use
3. Pollution will always be the problem in all dump sites,
especially during rainy days. Air pollution will add gases
that are highly toxic.
4. The methane generated by methanuric bacteria if
uncollected or not properly use can contribute 20 times
more warming than carbon dioxide in vehicles.
 COMPOSTING
It is a biological process in which
organic materials such as vegetable
trimmings, fruit peelings, kitchen refuse,
dry leaves cut grasses and plant parts are
broken down into a soil-like product. It is a
form of recycling, a natural way of
returning nutrients to the soil.
 What are the benefits of composting?

1. By composting organic wastes at home,

one can produce a soil enriches which can
be used in gardening
2. It reduces the incidence of household pests
by minimizing their food supply
3. It reduces the valuable landfill spaces
normally used to dispose this materials.
What are the types of small-scale
composters?
a. Twin pits
b. Paso-paso or clay flower pots compost
garden
c. Backyard compost pile
 THE THREE TYPES OF Rs OF SLOID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
 
1. R is for REDUCE. Avoid wasteful consumption of
goods. Begin by asking the question: “Do I really
need it?” in doing so, we minimize waste and
conserve our natural resources. Conservation like
charity begin within thyself.
2. R is for REUSE. When practicable reuse items that
is still useful instead of just throwing them away. It
would greatly help if we patronize goods that are
reusable rather than throw away types.
3. R is for RECYCLE. Waste can be valuable
resource. Items that are useless or of little may mean
great value to someone.
 SOURCES OF SOLID WASTE IN A COMMUNITY
1. Household wastes – waste generated at the household level
2. Commercial-Industrial wastes – generated by restaurants,
eateries, offices, markets, talipapa, plant mills, factories (including
such as chemicals, paints and sand)
3. Farm and Agricultural wastes – farm manure and crop residues
4. Institutional wastes – generated by hospitals, schools, churches
and prisons
5. Mining wastes – slag heaps and coal refuse piles
6. Miscellaneous and Specialized wastes – residues of sewage
treatment plants, ash from incinerators and residues from the
combustion of solid fuels, debris caused by disasters (fires,
typhoons, flood, etc.) large waste from demolitions and
construction rubble, and dead animals.
7. Hazardous wastes – wastes that pose a potential hazard to living
creatures because they are toxic or lethal, non-degradable or
persistent in nature, and may cause detrimental cumulative effects.
 FACTORS THAT AFFECT WASTE
GENERATION
1. The state of the national economy – as standards
arise, there is a corresponding increase in the
quantity and quality of wastes
2. The lifestyle of the people – reflected in product
marketing techniques, such as the clearly
perceptible shift in consumer preferences for pre-
packaged foodstuff, the increase in use of paper
lined with plastics for packaging, and the use of
disposable diapers.
3. The demographic profile of the population – the
greater the number of persons per household, the
greater volume of waste generated
4. The size and type of dwelling – those who dwell
in larger and more expensive type homes
produce more waste per capita.
5. Age – young consumers patronize a set of
products different from those consumed by their
elders.
6. Religion – consumer preferences in Islamic
countries differ greatly with predominantly
Christian nations.
7. The extent to which the 3R’s are carried out –
where the population is more concerned with the
environment in general, there is a concerted
effort to cut down waste at the point of origin
8. Presence of pets and domestic animals
9. Seasonal variations
10. Presence of laws and ordinances
governing waste management
11.Company buy-lack guarantees for used
containers and packaging