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Introduction to Marketing

Customer Behaviour

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Introduction to Marketing

Basic Framework

Motivation Perception

Search

Evaluation

Choice

Learning

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Introduction to Marketing

Influences on
Buyer

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Introduction to Marketing

Cultural Factors
Culture

Subculture
Social Class

Buyer

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Introduction to Marketing

Psychological Factors

Motivation

Beliefs &
Attitudes
Perception Learning

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Introduction to Marketing

Influences on Consumer Behavior


Personal Influences

Age and Family Life


Lifestyle
Cycle Stage

Occupation & Personality &


Economic Circumstances Self-Concept

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Introduction to Marketing

Social Factors

Reference
Groups

Roles &
Family
Statuses

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Introduction to Marketing

Four Types of Buying Behavior


High Low
Involvement Involvement

Significant Complex Variety-


differences Buying Seeking
between Behavior Behavior
brands
Few
differences Dissonance- Habitual
between Reducing Buying Buying
brands Behavior Behavior

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Introduction to Marketing

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Introduction to Marketing

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Introduction to Marketing

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Introduction to Marketing

Organisational Buyer Behaviour

‘The decision-making process by which formal


organisations establish the need for purchased
products and services, and identify, evaluate,
and choose among alternative brands and
suppliers’

Kotler and Armstrong 1989

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Introduction to Marketing

Industrial vs. consumer markets


Aspect Industrial market Consumer market
Buying objective Enable production Personal need satisfaction
Buying motive Mainly rational Also emotional
Purchasing function Professional buying Consumers
Decision m aking Many persons involved, Often im pulsive, without
m uch discussion consulting others
Characteristics Negotiations, intense Often without negotiation, little
interaction interaction
Product & market Large Lim ited
knowledge
Order size Often large Mostly small
Demand Derived, fluctuation Autonomous, relatively stable

Price elasticity Rather inelastic Rather elastic

Num ber of customers Mostly lim ited Very large

Spread of custom ers Som etim es large Large spread


geographic concentration

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