Significant Figures and

Measurement
English II
Created By : Amanda Syifa Destiana 2020001018
Agus Maulana Yusuf 2020001032
Significant Figures
 What is Significant Figures?
The significant numbers are all the numbers that are obtained from the measurement result. This
significant number consists of the exact number and the last estimated number. Writing
Significant Figures shows the accuracy of a measurement result.
 Rules of Significant Figures

` Example

14.54 has 4 significant numbers.

All non-zero numbers are significant.

All zeros between nonzero numbers are significant 5700.09 has 6 significant numbers

The zeros to the right of the decimal point and to the left of nonzero numbers do
0.00045 has 2 significant numbers.
not include significant digits.

All numbers to the right of the decimal point and following any nonzero are Example: 28.00 has 4 significant numbers; 0.004200 has 4
significant. significant digits.

All numbers before the multiplier in scientific notation are significant.

Addition and Substraction Operations

There is no special rules on addition and substraction

operations, it’s just that rounding for decimals follows the
approximate least number.
For rounding, if the last number is larger than five, round it
up. If the last number is smaller than five, round it down. If
exactly five, look at the previous number, if the previous
number is odd round up and vice versa.
Addition & Substraction Operations and
The concept of Scientific Notation

When using the significant number rule, the multiplication of

two or more numbers of equal importance with the least.

This scientific notation can make it easier for us to determine a

value that is too large or too small. The writing is as belows:
 Significant Figures
Implementation

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Significant figures is very important

especially in Industry. Example in Laboratory
who analyzed follow ASTM (American
Standard Testing Method) rules, in Report Part
must be practice Significant Figures in show
analysis result.
Lets Count!
How Many Significant Figures in This Number

20.
0.0078
1.6 x 103
Measurement
 What is Measurement?
Measurement is the activity of comparing a quantity with other quantities that are determined as unit standards. With unit is a quantity with a
certain value which is used as a comparison in measurement.
All measured figures are called significant figures. The amount of uncertainty is usually determined by the smallest half scale of the measuring
instrument. This uncertainty can come from various things.
 Measurement Instrument

Length Instrument

Time Instrument

Mass Instrument
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Length Instrument Measurement
Ruler
The ruler is a length measuring instrument which has the smallest scale of 1 mm. This ruler has an accuracy of 0.5 mm which is the smallest half scale.
Accuracy is the smallest value that can still be measured by measuring instruments.

Calipers
• The caliper is a long measuring instrument that has a measuring limit of up to 10 cm with an accuracy of 0.1 mm or 0.01 cm. Calipers can also be used to
measure the ring diameter and the inner diameter of a pipe.

Screw Micrometer
• Micrometer screws are used to measure the length, width or diameter of relatively small objects. The micrometer is often
used to measure the thickness of a metal plate or the diameter of a wire cylinder. A screw micrometer consists of a fixed
cylinder and a rotatable cylinder (thimble). The main scale remains on the cylinder, while on the thimble there is a nonius
scale. The screw micrometer has an accuracy of 0.01 mm or 0.001 cm.
Mass Instrument Measurement

Ohauss Balance
• On the Ohauss balance with three scales or commonly called the
Ohauss balance three arms, the limit of the measurement is only
up to 310 grams and this Ohauss balance has an accuracy of 0.01
grams. Based on his reference, the uncertainty of the Ohauss
balance is 0.5 from the accuracy of his tool.

Analog Balance
• The next measuring instrument is an analog balance. This type of
balance is widely used in households. The way to use it is by
placing objects in a container that is above the balance. Then, the
scale on the balance will show a number which is the value of
the mass magnitude.
Time Instrument Measurement
Clock
• Almost everyone has a clock in their home. Clock is used to determine the time
available in a place.
• A clock has a length of 1/24 (one twenty-four) days. One hour consists of the
smaller unit, which is 60 minutes or 3600 seconds.
• Like a mass measuring instrument, a clock also has a scale to determine its
value. A clock is equipped with a second, minute, and hour hand.

Stopwatch
• Time measurement tools that are widely used by people are watches / clocks
and stopwatches. The clock has an accuracy of up to 1 second, while the stop
watch has an accuracy of 1/10 second. On the stop watch, the start button is
used to start measuring. The stop button is used to stop the measurement.
While the reset button is used to return the needle to zero.
Thank You