MAGNESIUM

IMBALANCES
WHAT IS MAGNESIUM?
• Magnesium is the second most NORMAL SERUM MAGNESIUM
abundant intracellular cation. It is a concentration or LEVEL:1.8 TO 2.6
major factor in numerous cellular MGDL (0.74 TO 1.07mmol/L)
functions. Magnesium is a cofactor in
hundreds of enzymatic reactions. It is
also essential for cellular energy
production because it is a cofactor
for adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
• It acts as an activator for many
intracellular enzyme system and
plays a role in both carbohydrates
and protein metabolism
MAGNESIUM BALANCE
• It is important in neuromuscular
function.
• Produces its sedatives effect at
the neuromuscular junction.
Magnesium is similar to calcium into two
aspects:
• It is the ionized fraction of • Magnesium levels should be
magnesium that is primarily evaluated in combination with
involved in neuromuscular albumin levels
activity and physiologic
processes.
Types of magnesium imbalances
MAGNESIUM MAGNESIUM
DEFICIT(HYPOMAGNESEMIA) EXCESS(HYPERMAGNESEMIA)
• What is the cause of hypomagnesemia? Serum magnesium > 2.6mg/dL
• Serum magnesium <1.8mg/Dl HYPERMAGNESEMIA it is a rare
Hypomagenesemia refers to a below – normal serum magnesium electrolytes abnormality. The major cause
concentration and is frequently associated with hypokalemia and
hypocalcemia. is renal failure. Symptoms include
It will lead to hypocalcemia and neuromuscular manifestation hypotension, respiratory depression and
such as tetany , muscle weakness and cardiovascular effect such
as arrhymias.
cardiac arrest.
OTHER SYMPTOMS • A serum magnesium level can be appear
Tremors falsely elevated if blood specimes are
Tetany such as muscle spasms, muscle cramps and numbness in
your hand and feet.
allowed to hemolyze or are a drawn from
Fatigue and weekness an extremity with tourniquet that was
And lastly nystagmus or abnormal eye movement. applied too tightly.